Htun Zeyar T, Ferrara-Gonzalez Louisa, Kamity Ranjith, Hanna Nazeeh
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 10;17(14):2289. doi: 10.3390/nu17142289.
: Infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) face challenges in achieving successful oral feedings. During oral feedings, these infants commonly present with suck-swallow-breathe incoordination, with approximately 30% developing dysphagia, leading to feeding aversion, prolonged hospitalization, and increased parental stress. Cold liquid feeding has demonstrated benefits in improving feeding safety in adults with dysphagia; however, its application in neonates is relatively limited. This study aimed to examine global neonatal feeding practices, with a specific emphasis on cold milk feeding as an intervention for dysphagia. : A cross-sectional global electronic survey was distributed via professional society listservs and closed online professional group forums targeting neonatal providers and feeding therapists from June 2023 to June 2024. The survey assessed institutional feeding protocols, oral feeding practices, and the use of cold milk for infants with dysphagia. Responses were analyzed descriptively. : A total of 210 complete responses were received from level IV (51%), level III (42%), and level II (5%) NICUs. While 30% of the respondents were aware of cold milk feeding as a dysphagia intervention, only 15% of the total respondents reported using it in practice. Among the 32 institutions implementing cold milk practices, only one had an established protocol. Additionally, 72% reported having a feeding protocol in place, often incorporating cue-based tools. Most respondents (87.5%) did not allow oral feeding during nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), whereas 78% permitted it during high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) support. : Although the awareness of cold milk feeding in neonates is increasing, its implementation remains limited and lacks standardization. Significant variability exists in oral feeding practices, particularly regarding feeding during respiratory support. This underscores the need for further research and evidence-based guidelines to ensure safe and consistent care for preterm infants.
入住新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）的婴儿在实现成功经口喂养方面面临挑战。在经口喂养期间，这些婴儿通常存在吸吮-吞咽-呼吸不协调的情况，约30%的婴儿会出现吞咽困难，进而导致喂养厌恶、住院时间延长以及家长压力增加。冷液体喂养已被证明对改善吞咽困难的成人的喂养安全性有益；然而，其在新生儿中的应用相对有限。本研究旨在调查全球新生儿喂养实践情况，特别关注冷牛奶喂养作为吞咽困难干预措施的应用。
通过专业协会邮件列表和面向新生儿医护人员及喂养治疗师的封闭式在线专业群组论坛，于2023年6月至2024年6月进行了一项横断面全球电子调查。该调查评估了机构喂养方案、经口喂养实践以及冷牛奶在吞咽困难婴儿中的使用情况。对回复进行了描述性分析。
共收到来自四级（51%）、三级（42%）和二级（5%）NICU的210份完整回复。虽然30%的受访者知晓冷牛奶喂养可作为吞咽困难的干预措施，但实际报告使用该方法的受访者仅占总受访者的15%。在实施冷牛奶喂养的32家机构中，只有一家制定了既定方案。此外，72%的机构报告有喂养方案，且通常采用基于提示的工具。大多数受访者（87.5%）不允许在鼻持续气道正压通气（nCPAP）期间经口喂养，而78%的受访者允许在高流量鼻导管（HFNC）支持期间经口喂养。
尽管新生儿冷牛奶喂养的知晓度在提高，但其实施仍然有限且缺乏标准化。经口喂养实践存在显著差异，尤其是在呼吸支持期间的喂养方面。这凸显了进一步研究和基于证据的指南的必要性，以确保为早产儿提供安全且一致的护理。
