Combined Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology to Reveal Anti-Diabetic Mechanisms and Potential Pharmacological Components of .

The plant is notable for its considerable edible and medicinal value, with a longstanding history as a folk remedy for diabetes. Its chemical constituents are rich and structurally diverse. However, there is limited information regarding the metabolic basis of these characteristics, and the biological activities and mechanisms underlying its blood glucose-lowering effects remain incompletely understood. In this study, we conducted a widely targeted metabolomics analysis of the stems, leaves, and fruits of using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS to compare the differences in metabolite profiles among these three tissue types. Our analysis identified a total of 2544 secondary metabolites, primarily consisting of flavonoids and triterpenes, categorized into thirteen distinct compound classes. We selected differential metabolites through multivariate statistical analysis, revealing significant differences among the metabolite profiles of the three tissue types, with flavonoids being the most abundant compounds. Furthermore, we investigated the anti-diabetic mechanisms and potential pharmacological components of utilizing network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Finally, the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the potential active components was evaluated using in vitro experiments. These findings establish a foundation for the future application of in the prevention and treatment of diabetes.