塞尔维亚未来医护人员中麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹特异性抗体的血清流行率：一项横断面研究。
Seroprevalence of Measles-, Mumps-, and Rubella-Specific Antibodies in Future Healthcare Workers in Serbia: A Cross-Sectional Study.
作者信息
Banko Ana, Cirkovic Andja, Petrovic Vladimir, Ristic Mioljub, Vukovic Vladimir, Stankovic-Djordjevic Dobrila, Miljanovic Danijela
机构信息
Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
出版信息
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 Jun 27;13(7):700. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13070700.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) continue to pose a significant public health challenge due to insufficient immunization coverage. This study aimed to provide the first seroprevalence data against MMR and to explore self-reported immunity among future healthcare workers (HCWs) in Serbia, including women of childbearing age.
METHODS
We included 1296 future health care workers (HCWs) aged 19 to 29, born in Serbia. All HCWs supplied a blood sample for serology and filled in a questionnaire. Antibodies were measured using an enzyme immunoassay against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR).
RESULTS
Anti-measles, -mumps, and -rubella seronegativity rates were 25.6%, 26.5%, and 4.4%, respectively, among future HCWs in Serbia. The mumps seronegativity rate was significantly higher in the oldest (27-29-year) age group, accompanied by significantly lower anti-mumps IgG GMCs in the same age group compared to younger participants ( = 0.035 and < 0.001, respectively). Anti-mumps seronegativity also increased significantly across birth cohorts, from the youngest to the oldest ( = 0.004). Furthermore, anti-mumps IgG antibody GMCs were significantly higher among females, those who attended nursery/kindergarten, and unvaccinated individuals ( = 0.050, = 0.020, and = 0.005, respectively). Finally, older age and unvaccinated status were identified as independent factors associated with anti-measles and anti-mumps seronegativity among future HCWs in Serbia.
CONCLUSIONS
The cross-sectional seroprevalence data revealed insufficient seroprotection in this population of particular importance, i.e., future HCWs, and women of childbearing age. These results strongly support the national recommendations for the mandatory vaccination of these populations. Identified immunity gaps should be closed promptly by strategic, targeted serologic screening, followed by vaccination of those lacking MMR antibodies.
背景/目的：由于免疫接种覆盖率不足，麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹（MMR）仍然构成重大的公共卫生挑战。本研究旨在提供首份针对MMR的血清流行率数据，并探索塞尔维亚未来医护人员（包括育龄妇女）中自我报告的免疫情况。
方法
我们纳入了1296名年龄在19至29岁、出生于塞尔维亚的未来医护人员。所有医护人员均提供血样进行血清学检测，并填写问卷。使用酶免疫法检测麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹（MMR）抗体。
结果
在塞尔维亚未来医护人员中，抗麻疹、抗腮腺炎和抗风疹血清阴性率分别为25.6%、26.5%和4.4%。腮腺炎血清阴性率在年龄最大的（27 - 29岁）年龄组中显著更高，与较年轻参与者相比，该年龄组抗腮腺炎IgG几何平均浓度（GMCs）也显著更低（分别为P = 0.035和P < 0.001）。抗腮腺炎血清阴性率在不同出生队列中也从最年轻到最年长显著增加（P = 0.004）。此外，女性、上过托儿所/幼儿园的人以及未接种疫苗的个体中抗腮腺炎IgG抗体GMCs显著更高（分别为P = 0.050、P = 0.020和P = 0.005）。最后，年龄较大和未接种疫苗状态被确定为塞尔维亚未来医护人员中与抗麻疹和抗腮腺炎血清阴性相关的独立因素。
结论
横断面血清流行率数据显示，在这一特别重要的人群（即未来医护人员和育龄妇女）中血清保护不足。这些结果有力地支持了对这些人群进行强制疫苗接种的国家建议。应通过战略性、针对性的血清学筛查迅速填补已发现的免疫空白，随后对缺乏MMR抗体的人进行疫苗接种。
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