Assessment of Serum Thyroid Antibody Levels in Patients with Type-I and Type-II Diabetes without Thyroid Disease.

OBJECTIVE

The study assessed differences in the thyroglobulin antibody and thyroid peroxidase antibody between euthyroid Type-I and Type-II diabetes mellitus (DM) and control groups not using thyroid medication.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional study. People with Type-I and Type-II diabetes and a control group aged between 18 and 80 years were enrolled at the diabetes and internal medicine outpatient clinic of Istanbul Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital between 2020-2023. Data analysis was performed on 103 participants with Type-I DM, 110 with Type-II DM, and 110 control subjects, all randomly selected. Anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-TG), anti-thyroperoxidase antibody (anti-TPO), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c, (HbA1c) and blood creatinine levels were recorded for analysis.

RESULTS

In the study, anti-TG and anti-TPO levels were higher in Type-I DM patients than in the control and Type-II DM groups. This elevation was statistically significant in women with Type-I DM compared to women patients in other groups. In this study, thyroid antibody levels in patients with Type-II DM were not significantly higher than those in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the importance of regular assessment of thyroid function and antibodies in women diagnosed with Type-I DM, but not necessarily in those wi th Type-II DM without thyroid disease.