SERUM TSH, FT3, FT4, AND FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS TO INVESTIGATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THYROID DYSFUNCTION AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE

The relationship between thyroid hormones and glucose metabolism is complex. Thyroid hormones, particularly triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroxine (FT4), play crucial roles in regulating basal metabolic rate, lipid metabolism, and glucose homeostasis. Alterations in these hormones can influence insulin sensitivity and secretion. This study aims to evaluate serum TSH, FT3, FT4, and fasting blood glucose levels to demonstrate the association between thyroid dysfunction and T2DM.

METHODOLOGY

This study included 219 male and female participants aged 23 to 74 years; 149 patient participants diagnosed with T2DM using the American Diabetes Association's (ADA) criteria compared with 70 non-diabetic patients. Thyroid function tests, including serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Free Triiodothyronine (FT3), and Free Thyroxine (FT4) levels, were performed. The patients divided into three age groups based on WHO age group classification: Young Adults (23-30), Middle-aged adults (31-45) and Old-aged adults (>45). Statistical analysis by SPSS 26 used to determine the relationship between fasting blood glucose and thyroid hormone levels.

RESULTS

This study conducted on 219 diabetic and non- diabetic patient males and females 149 males and females' diabetics compared with 70 males and females with non- diabetes mullites disease, age of two groups between 23- 74 years and classified into three groups young adults, middle-aged adults, and old-aged adults. Observed from these results significant difference in the mean levels of FBG in the diabetic patients (116.4±21.1 mg/dL) compared to non-diabetic individuals (96.7±14.1 mg/dL) with a P value=0.031. TSH levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients (2.18±0.97 µIU/mL) than in non-diabetics (3.05±1.09 µIU/mL; P value=0.029). The results showed significant elevated of FT3 levels in diabetic patients (1.81±0.52 pg/mL) compared to non-diabetic's individuals (1.35±0.25 pg/mL; P value=0.048). Also, FT4 levels significantly higher in the diabetic patients (114±17.7 ng/L) compared to the non-diabetic individuals (107±18.4 ng/L; P value=0.018). These results demonstrated that diabetes mellitus play important role associated with changed in both glucose metabolism and thyroid hormone profiles.

CONCLUSION

Significant differences in fasting blood glucose and thyroid hormone levels between the diabetic and non-diabetic patients were observed in this study. The correlation between diabetes, thyroid and glucose metabolism was demonstrated by a negative correlation with TSH and positive correlations with FT3, FT4, and glucose.