Ding Siyuan, Lu Shengyan, Lv Weiyan, Hou Feifei, Qi Xingshun, Liu Xu
Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (Formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.
Med Sci Monit. 2025 Jul 31;31:e948617. doi: 10.12659/MSM.948617.
With the global increase in alcohol consumption, the incidence of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is rising significantly. However, not all individuals who consume alcohol develop ALD, suggesting the influence of various mediating factors. While sex, age, and genetic predisposition have been widely studied, the impact of drinking patterns as direct behavioral factors remains underexplored. We introduce the concept of "drinking pattern", which refers to the behavioral characteristics and habits exhibited by an individual during alcohol consumption. An important research question arises: Are there healthier drinking patterns that could help prevent the onset of ALD or potentially slow its progression in individuals already affected by the condition? This narrative review synthesizes existing evidence on how distinct drinking patterns, including alcohol consumption amount, drinking speed, frequency, duration, type of alcoholic beverage, and whether alcohol is consumed with meals, influence the onset and progression of ALD. Current research suggests that lower alcohol consumption, slower drinking speed, reduced drinking frequency, shorter drinking duration, choosing fermented alcohol over distilled liquor, and consuming alcohol with meals can mitigate ALD. Nevertheless, alcohol abstinence remains the most effective strategy for preventing and managing ALD. The findings offer actionable clinical insights, providing evidence-based recommendations to guide clinical practice and public health initiatives for minimizing ALD. Future research should focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of these patterns and assessing their long-term implications to develop targeted interventions.
随着全球酒精消费量的增加，酒精性肝病（ALD）的发病率显著上升。然而，并非所有饮酒者都会患上ALD，这表明存在各种中介因素的影响。虽然性别、年龄和遗传易感性已得到广泛研究，但饮酒模式作为直接行为因素的影响仍未得到充分探索。我们引入“饮酒模式”的概念，它指的是个体在饮酒过程中表现出的行为特征和习惯。一个重要的研究问题出现了：是否存在更健康的饮酒模式，可以帮助预防ALD的发生，或者在已经受该病影响的个体中潜在地减缓其进展？这篇叙述性综述综合了现有证据，说明不同的饮酒模式，包括饮酒量、饮酒速度、频率、持续时间、酒精饮料类型以及是否与餐同饮，如何影响ALD的发生和进展。目前的研究表明，较低的酒精消费量、较慢的饮酒速度、减少饮酒频率、缩短饮酒持续时间、选择发酵酒而非蒸馏酒以及与餐同饮可以减轻ALD。然而，戒酒仍然是预防和管理ALD最有效的策略。这些发现提供了可操作的临床见解，为指导临床实践和公共卫生倡议以尽量减少ALD提供了循证建议。未来的研究应专注于阐明这些模式的潜在机制，并评估其长期影响，以制定有针对性的干预措施。
