Tulyayeva Anar, Iztleuov Yerbolat, Kereyeva Nurgul, Aitmagambetova Marzhan, Akhmetova Saule
Department of Oncology, Non-Profit Joint-Stock Company "West Kazakhstan Medical University named after Marat Ospanov," Aktobe, Kazakhstan.
Department of Visual Diagnostics, Non-Profit Joint-Stock Company "West Kazakhstan Medical University named after Marat Ospanov," Aktobe, Kazakhstan.
Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2025 Apr 23;39:59. doi: 10.47176/mjiri.39.59. eCollection 2025.
Gastric cancer in Kazakhstan shows low survival rates due to late diagnosis. This study aimed to explore apoptosis biomarkers to improve early detection and diagnostic accuracy. By investigating biomarkers like p53, RAS, miRNAs, and inflammation markers, the study sought to identify potential indicators for better prognosis and survival outcomes.
This systematic review was conducted using the keywords "apoptosis biomarkers" OR "gastric cancer" AND "Kazakhstan" OR "Kazakhstani" in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, yielding 2,025 records. After filtering, 24 studies were selected for analysis. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and data were extracted and synthesized for critical findings.
This systematic review on apoptosis biomarkers in gastric cancer diagnosis in Kazakhstan highlights key findings across diverse studies. Biomarkers with the strongest diagnostic potential include p53, RAS, miRNAs (e.g., miR-21, miR-34a), and inflammation markers like NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio), PLR (platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio), and SII (systemic immune-inflammation index). Cytokines, including IL-2 and TNF, were linked to prognosis. DNA repair markers such as γ-H2AX and 53BP1 correlated with improved survival rates. Male predominance was consistent, with 63.1% to 66.4% of participants being male. Key environmental risk factors include Helicobacter pylori infection and heavy metal contamination. Survival rates ranged from 7.3% (Stage IV) to 50.5% (Stage I). The study also observed a statistically significant reduction in mortality rates from 14.0 to 8.9 per 100,000 (p<0.001), reflecting improvements in cancer management and diagnostic interventions.
This review underscores the pivotal role of apoptosis biomarkers in gastric cancer diagnosis in Kazakhstan. Biomarkers such as p53, RAS, and inflammation indices are integral to prognosis. Personalized diagnostic approaches, early detection, and targeted treatments can significantly improve survival outcomes and cancer management in this population.
由于诊断较晚，哈萨克斯坦的胃癌患者生存率较低。本研究旨在探索凋亡生物标志物，以提高早期检测和诊断准确性。通过研究p53、RAS、微小RNA（miRNA）和炎症标志物等生物标志物，该研究试图确定能够改善预后和生存结局的潜在指标。
本系统评价在PubMed和谷歌学术数据库中使用关键词“凋亡生物标志物”或“胃癌”以及“哈萨克斯坦”或“哈萨克斯坦人”进行检索，共获得2025条记录。经过筛选，选取24项研究进行分析。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估质量，并提取和综合数据以得出关键发现。
这项关于哈萨克斯坦胃癌诊断中凋亡生物标志物的系统评价突出了不同研究中的关键发现。具有最强诊断潜力的生物标志物包括p53、RAS、miRNA（如miR-²¹、miR-³⁴a）以及炎症标志物，如中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、血小板与淋巴细胞比值（PLR）和全身免疫炎症指数（SII）。细胞因子，包括白细胞介素-2（IL-²）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF），与预后相关。DNA修复标志物，如γ-H²AX和53BP¹，与生存率提高相关。男性占主导地位，63.1%至66.4%的参与者为男性。关键的环境风险因素包括幽门螺杆菌感染和重金属污染。生存率从7.3%（IV期）到50.5%（I期）不等。该研究还观察到死亡率从每10万人14.0例显著降至8.9例（p<0.001），这反映了癌症管理和诊断干预方面的改善。
本综述强调了凋亡生物标志物在哈萨克斯坦胃癌诊断中的关键作用。p53、RAS和炎症指标等生物标志物对于预后至关重要。个性化诊断方法、早期检测和靶向治疗可以显著改善该人群的生存结局和癌症管理。
