Mentado-Sosa Enrique, Guerra-Solano Juan Miguel, Raffa Robert B, Pagán Oné R, Pisciotta John
Department of Biology, West Chester University, West Chester, USA.
School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA.
Cureus. 2025 Jul 30;17(7):e89075. doi: 10.7759/cureus.89075. eCollection 2025 Jul.
The prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) is unequally distributed across socioeconomic strata. Although several genetic predispositions and psychosocial influences play integral roles, environmental factors are undoubtedly additional contributors. We propose that a potential common factor could be diet. More specifically, circumstances such as economic challenges could lead to limited food choices and poor-quality diets, and this could result in differences in microbiome composition compared to less SUD-susceptible populations having otherwise similar risk factors. The current study investigated the effect of altering the microbiome on drug withdrawal from nicotine using a standard planarian model. Planarians () were treated with the broad-spectrum antibiotics ampicillin (a ß-lactam) and kanamycin (a non-ß-lactam), alone and in combination, and microbiomes were analyzed using culture techniques, microscopy, and metagenomic methods. Alphaproteobacteria such as were detected in the microbiome. Ampicillin or kanamycin reduced the microbiome diversity, notably reducing and bacteria. One-week treatment with ampicillin and kanamycin did not affect planarian spontaneous locomotor activity. However, pretreatment with ampicillin, but not kanamycin or the combination, significantly attenuated abstinence-induced nicotine withdrawal-like behavior. These results suggest that alteration of the microbiome decreases nicotine withdrawal in this planarian species, and, more broadly, supports the idea that the microbiome might influence the susceptibility and/or maintenance of SUDs.
物质使用障碍（SUDs）的患病率在社会经济阶层中分布不均。尽管几种遗传易感性和心理社会影响起着不可或缺的作用，但环境因素无疑也是额外的促成因素。我们提出一个潜在的共同因素可能是饮食。更具体地说，经济挑战等情况可能导致食物选择有限和饮食质量差，与具有类似风险因素但SUD易感性较低的人群相比，这可能导致微生物群组成的差异。本研究使用标准涡虫模型研究了改变微生物群对尼古丁戒断的影响。涡虫分别单独或联合使用广谱抗生素氨苄青霉素（一种β-内酰胺类抗生素）和卡那霉素（一种非β-内酰胺类抗生素）进行处理，并使用培养技术、显微镜检查和宏基因组方法分析微生物群。在微生物群中检测到了诸如α-变形菌等细菌。氨苄青霉素或卡那霉素降低了微生物群的多样性，显著减少了 菌和 菌。用氨苄青霉素和卡那霉素进行一周的处理并未影响涡虫的自发运动活动。然而，用氨苄青霉素预处理，而不是卡那霉素或联合处理，显著减轻了戒断诱导的尼古丁戒断样行为。这些结果表明，微生物群的改变可减少该涡虫物种的尼古丁戒断，更广泛地说，支持了微生物群可能影响SUDs易感性和/或维持的观点。
