Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Departments of Family and Community Medicine, Psychiatry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2022 Mar 24;8(1):19. doi: 10.1038/s41572-022-00346-w.
Tobacco smoking is a major determinant of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide. More than a billion people smoke, and without major increases in cessation, at least half will die prematurely from tobacco-related complications. In addition, people who smoke have a significant reduction in their quality of life. Neurobiological findings have identified the mechanisms by which nicotine in tobacco affects the brain reward system and causes addiction. These brain changes contribute to the maintenance of nicotine or tobacco use despite knowledge of its negative consequences, a hallmark of addiction. Effective approaches to screen, prevent and treat tobacco use can be widely implemented to limit tobacco's effect on individuals and society. The effectiveness of psychosocial and pharmacological interventions in helping people quit smoking has been demonstrated. As the majority of people who smoke ultimately relapse, it is important to enhance the reach of available interventions and to continue to develop novel interventions. These efforts associated with innovative policy regulations (aimed at reducing nicotine content or eliminating tobacco products) have the potential to reduce the prevalence of tobacco and nicotine use and their enormous adverse impact on population health.
吸烟是全球可预防发病率和死亡率的主要决定因素。全球有超过 10 亿人吸烟，如果戒烟率没有大幅提高，至少有一半人将因与烟草有关的并发症而过早死亡。此外，吸烟的人生活质量会显著下降。神经生物学研究结果确定了烟草中的尼古丁如何影响大脑奖励系统并导致成瘾的机制。这些大脑变化导致尽管人们知道其负面影响，但仍继续使用尼古丁或烟草，这是成瘾的一个特征。可以广泛实施有效的方法来筛查、预防和治疗烟草使用，以限制烟草对个人和社会的影响。已经证明心理社会和药物干预措施在帮助人们戒烟方面的有效性。由于大多数吸烟者最终会复吸，因此重要的是要扩大现有干预措施的覆盖面，并继续开发新的干预措施。这些与创新政策法规（旨在降低尼古丁含量或消除烟草制品）相关的努力有可能降低烟草和尼古丁使用的流行率，并减轻其对人口健康的巨大不利影响。
