Negesa Hailu, Gidisa Gabisa, Wubshet Zenebe, Alemayehu Desalegn, Belachew Kifle, Merga Wakuma, Beksisa Lemi, Merga Dawit, Zakir Mohammedsani
Department of Plant Pathology, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Department of Coffee Breeding and Genetics, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Jul 16;16:1560091. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1560091. eCollection 2025.
Coffee is one of the most economically essential agricultural commodities worldwide and in Ethiopia in particular. Despite its importance, it is constrained by different factors. Among these, coffee leaf rust, caused by , and wilt diseases, caused by , are major limiting factors of coffee production. However, Ethiopia has not yet reported a commercialized resistant variety for both of these diseases. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate lowland coffee genotypes against coffee leaf rust and wilt diseases under field and greenhouse conditions, respectively.
A field experiment was conducted across four locations (Agaro, Teppi, Bebeka, and Gelesha) from 2021 to 2023. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The experiment for wilt disease was conducted on seedlings using seedling stem-nicking inoculation techniques.
The results revealed a significant difference among the genotypes in reaction to leaf rust and wilt diseases. Among the tested genotypes, I-1, I-2, K-1, and K-2 consistently showed a highly resistant reaction to leaf rust across locations, whereas one genotype (EB-1) indicated a susceptible reaction across all locations. The highest mean leaf rust severity was recorded on EB-1 (27.1%), while the lowest severity was recorded on genotype I-2 (0.35%). Similarly, four genotypes (I-1, I-2, K-1, and K-2) showed moderate resistance to wilt disease and indicated an extended incubation period compared to the susceptible control (Geisha).
Analysis of genotype by environment (G×E) interaction indicated a highly significant interaction (P < 0.01). Among climate factors, relative humidity and maximum temperature showed a highly significant and positive correlation with coffee leaf rust. These resistant genotypes could be used by farmers as a component of integrated disease management in coffee leaf rust-prone areas of the country. In addition, end users must integrate these genotypes with other wilt management options. Overall, these genotypes can enhance the resilience of coffee production when combined with other management strategies for coffee leaf rust and wilt diseases across the lowland coffee production areas of Ethiopia.
咖啡是全球尤其是埃塞俄比亚经济上最重要的农产品之一。尽管其很重要，但受到不同因素的制约。其中，由[病原菌名称未给出]引起的咖啡叶锈病和由[病原菌名称未给出]引起的枯萎病是咖啡生产的主要限制因素。然而，埃塞俄比亚尚未报道针对这两种病害的商业化抗性品种。因此，本研究分别在田间和温室条件下评估低地咖啡基因型对咖啡叶锈病和枯萎病的抗性。
2021年至2023年在四个地点（阿加罗、特皮、贝贝卡和盖莱沙）进行了田间试验。采用随机完全区组设计，重复三次。枯萎病试验在幼苗上采用幼苗茎部刻伤接种技术进行。
结果显示各基因型对叶锈病和枯萎病的反应存在显著差异。在测试的基因型中，I - 1、I - 2、K - 1和K - 2在各地点对叶锈病始终表现出高抗性反应，而一个基因型（EB - 1）在所有地点均表现出感病反应。叶锈病平均严重程度最高的是EB - 1（27.1%），而最低的是基因型I - 2（0.35%）。同样，四个基因型（I - 1、I - 2、K - 1和K - 2）对枯萎病表现出中度抗性，与感病对照（艺伎）相比，潜伏期延长。
基因型与环境（G×E）互作分析表明存在极显著互作（P < 0.01）。在气候因素中，相对湿度和最高温度与咖啡叶锈病呈极显著正相关。这些抗性基因型可被农民用作该国咖啡叶锈病高发地区综合病害管理的一部分。此外，最终用户必须将这些基因型与其他枯萎病管理选项相结合。总体而言，当与埃塞俄比亚低地咖啡产区咖啡叶锈病和枯萎病的其他管理策略相结合时，这些基因型可以增强咖啡生产的恢复力。
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