Singh Abhinav, Purohit Bharathi M, Purohit Abhishek
Department of Dentistry, Regional Training Centre for Oral Health Promotion, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Division of Public Health Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Health Promotion, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
WHO South East Asia J Public Health. 2025 Jan 1;14(1):14-24. doi: 10.4103/WHO-SEAJPH.WHO-SEAJPH_105_24. Epub 2025 Jul 31.
Public health authorities and decision-makers need the tools, capacity, and information necessary for assessing health needs, choosing intervention strategies, and drafting policy guidelines. Inadequate information about the oral health of populations leads to ineffective policies.
A total of 47,837 randomly selected individuals participated in the study: 19,760 from urban regions and 28,077 from rural regions. The study population was the World Health Organization-specified index age groups of 5, 12, 35-44, and 60 years and above, which was modified for the Indian population. Information was collected for demographic details, behavioral practices, available infrastructure, workforce, and public dental services provided in each district. Oral examinations were conducted at individual households for dental caries, periodontal disease, malocclusion, dental fluorosis, and oromucosal lesions. Risk factors for oral diseases were identified using regression analysis.
A high prevalence of oral disease, extremely low utilization of dental care services, and a high dental prosthetic need were noted in the study population. Early childhood caries was noted among 46.9% and 53.6% of 5-year-old children in the urban and rural regions, respectively. The prevalence of dental fluorosis among 12-year-old rural and urban children was at 9.2% and 8.8%, respectively. Periodontal predicaments were noted among 50%, 75%, and 86% of the population in the target age groups of 12, 35-44, and 60 years and above, respectively. Malocclusion was noted among 20% and 25% of the study population in the 12 and 35-44 years' age group, respectively. The prevalence of complete edentulism among older adults was observed in 13% and 11.5% of populations in the rural and urban regions, respectively.
This study provides comprehensive oral health data for target age groups and aids in improved planning and management of public oral health services in a state in Central India.
公共卫生当局和决策者需要评估健康需求、选择干预策略以及起草政策指南所需的工具、能力和信息。关于人群口腔健康的信息不足会导致政策无效。
共有47837名随机选取的个体参与了该研究：19760名来自城市地区，28077名来自农村地区。研究人群为世界卫生组织指定的5岁、12岁、35 - 44岁以及60岁及以上的指数年龄组，并针对印度人群进行了调整。收集了每个地区的人口统计学细节、行为习惯、可用基础设施、劳动力以及公共牙科服务的信息。在个体家庭中进行口腔检查，以检查龋齿、牙周疾病、错颌畸形、氟斑牙和口腔黏膜病变。使用回归分析确定口腔疾病的风险因素。
研究人群中口腔疾病患病率高、牙科护理服务利用率极低且义齿需求高。城市和农村地区5岁儿童的早期儿童龋患病率分别为46.9%和53.6%。12岁农村和城市儿童的氟斑牙患病率分别为9.2%和8.8%。在12岁、35 - 44岁以及60岁及以上的目标年龄组人群中，牙周问题的发生率分别为50%、75%和86%。在12岁和35 - 44岁年龄组的研究人群中，错颌畸形的发生率分别为20%和25%。农村和城市地区老年人的无牙颌患病率分别为13%和11.5%。
本研究为目标年龄组提供了全面的口腔健康数据，并有助于改善印度中部一个邦的公共口腔卫生服务规划和管理。
