Khemiri Arij, Mendili Mohamed, Aouadhi Chedia, Jaffali Chahrazed, Khadhri Ayda
Faculty of Sciences, Plant, Soil, Environment Interactions Laboratory, the University of Tunis El Manar, Campus Academia, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
Plant, Soil and Environment Interactions Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of El Manar II, Campus Academia, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
Int J Med Mushrooms. 2025;27(9):61-74. doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2025059268.
Edible fungi are unexploited natural sources of high added value biomolecules, such as phenolic compounds. This study used an innovative and green extraction method based on the quick, easy, new, cheap, reproducible (QUENCHER) process of Morchella esculenta. The QUENCHER extract had a much higher concentration of total polyphenols [(125 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight (DW)], flavonoids [38 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g DW], flavanols [22 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g DW], and proanthocyanidins [44 mg CE/g DW] than the traditional aqueous extraction. In addition, antioxidant activities were evaluated by the in vitro scavenging capacity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and iron reducing power. In the DPPH test, this phenolic richness clearly improved antioxidant activity, with an IC50 (inhibition concentration at 50%) of 0.097 mg/mL. It has also shown encouraging antibacterial qualities against resistant Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration varied between 6.25 and 25 μg/mL). For the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, QUENCHER extract demonstrated strong AChE inhibition (IC50 = 0.002 mg/mL), a characteristic of significant interest in neurodegenerative disorders. These results open possibilities for using this extract as a natural antimicrobial agent, against resistant bacterial infections. Furthermore, in vitro digestion data indicates that the bioactive compounds in these extracts maintain relative stability during transit through the gastrointestinal tract, allowing for favorable bioavailability and, consequently, potential therapeutic efficacy. After 4 h of simulated digestion, over 66% of the antioxidant and anti-AChE activity was still present, indicating a degree of stability in the bioactive chemicals and an intriguing potential for bioavailability, according to in vitro digestibility experiments.
食用菌是高附加值生物分子（如酚类化合物）的未开发天然来源。本研究采用了一种基于羊肚菌快速、简便、新颖、廉价、可重复（QUENCHER）工艺的创新绿色提取方法。与传统水提法相比，QUENCHER提取物中的总多酚[（125毫克没食子酸当量（GAE）/克干重（DW）]、黄酮类化合物[38毫克儿茶素当量（CE）/克DW]、黄烷醇[22毫克槲皮素当量（QE）/克DW]和原花青素[44毫克CE/克DW]浓度要高得多。此外，通过1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）的体外清除能力和铁还原能力评估抗氧化活性。在DPPH试验中，这种丰富的酚类物质明显提高了抗氧化活性，IC50（50%抑制浓度）为0.097毫克/毫升。它还显示出对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌等耐药革兰氏阳性菌具有令人鼓舞的抗菌特性（最低抑菌浓度在6.25至25微克/毫升之间）。对于乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）抑制，QUENCHER提取物表现出较强的AChE抑制作用（IC50 = 0.002毫克/毫升），这是神经退行性疾病中一个具有重要意义的特征。这些结果为将该提取物用作天然抗菌剂来对抗耐药细菌感染开辟了可能性。此外，体外消化数据表明，这些提取物中的生物活性化合物在通过胃肠道的过程中保持相对稳定，具有良好的生物利用度，因此具有潜在的治疗效果。根据体外消化实验，经过4小时的模拟消化后，仍有超过66%的抗氧化和抗AChE活性存在，这表明生物活性化学物质具有一定程度的稳定性以及有趣的生物利用度潜力。
