Boyett Benjamin, Jones Paul S
Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at the University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Fourth-year Chief Resident in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Mo Med. 2025 May-Jun;122(3):206-210.
This paper provides a basic overview for the role of some lower extremity orthotic devices in the rehabilitation and support of the maximization of function for individuals with neuromusculoskeletal conditions. It provides a comprehensive overview of orthotic principles, designs, indications, and limitations, emphasizing the importance of thorough patient assessment in device prescription. Key terminology, including definitions of orthoses and the role of certified orthotists, is clarified. The paper discusses various types of orthotic devices, comparing custom-made to off-the-shelf options, and examines the materials used, such as leather, metal alloys, and thermoplastics, each with distinct characteristics. Additionally, this article highlights functional considerations, fitting protocols, and the need for ongoing follow-up care to prevent complications like pressure injuries. The conclusion underscores the necessity of individualized orthotic prescriptions, addressing specific patient needs to optimize rehabilitation outcomes and enhance mobility while acknowledging the trade-offs in energy expenditure and gait velocity associated with orthotic use.
本文概述了一些下肢矫形器在神经肌肉骨骼疾病患者的康复及功能最大化支持方面的作用。它全面介绍了矫形原则、设计、适应症和局限性，强调了在开具矫形器处方时对患者进行全面评估的重要性。文中对关键术语进行了阐释，包括矫形器的定义以及认证矫形师的作用。本文讨论了各种类型的矫形器，比较了定制与现成产品的选择，并研究了所使用的材料，如皮革、金属合金和热塑性塑料，每种材料都有不同的特性。此外，本文还强调了功能考量、适配方案以及持续随访护理以预防压疮等并发症的必要性。结论强调了个性化矫形器处方的必要性，即满足患者的特定需求以优化康复效果并增强活动能力，同时认识到使用矫形器在能量消耗和步态速度方面的权衡。
