Xue Hai-Yan, Shen Xiang-Lin, Wang Zhi-Hua, Bi Hang-Chuan, Xu Hong-Guo, Wu Jie, Cui Ruo-Mei, Liu Ming-Wei
Trauma Center, The First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China.
Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China.
Int J Mol Med. 2025 Oct;56(4). doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2025.5601. Epub 2025 Aug 1.
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and osteoporosis (OP) are closely related, age‑related, degenerative orthopedic conditions. Elderly patients with OP frequently develop concurrent KOA, with high co‑occurrence rates. Studies indicate that OP significantly increases KOA risk and that these conditions mutually exacerbate each other. Anti‑OP therapies show significant efficacy in KOA management, substantially delaying disease progression. Mesenchymal stem cell‑derived exosomes (MSC‑Exos) have significant therapeutic potential for both KOA and OP. These exosomes enhance chondrocyte proliferation, modulate cartilage matrix synthesis and degradation, and suppress synovial inflammation, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach for KOA. However, their OP mechanisms remain unclear but may involve disrupted bone metabolic signaling, amplified inflammation, and dysregulated intercellular communication in the bone microenvironment. The present review summarizes MSC‑Exos research advances in KOA and OP, providing a foundation for future studies and clinical applications.
膝关节骨关节炎（KOA）和骨质疏松症（OP）是密切相关的、与年龄相关的退行性骨科疾病。患有OP的老年患者经常并发KOA，共病率很高。研究表明，OP会显著增加KOA风险，且这两种病症会相互加剧。抗OP疗法在KOA管理中显示出显著疗效，可大幅延缓疾病进展。间充质干细胞衍生的外泌体（MSC-Exos）对KOA和OP均具有显著的治疗潜力。这些外泌体可增强软骨细胞增殖、调节软骨基质合成与降解，并抑制滑膜炎症，为KOA提供了一种新的治疗方法。然而，它们治疗OP的机制尚不清楚，但可能涉及骨代谢信号紊乱、炎症放大以及骨微环境中细胞间通讯失调。本综述总结了MSC-Exos在KOA和OP方面的研究进展，为未来的研究和临床应用提供了基础。
