Idiiatullina Elina, Parker Dane
Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, United States.
Elife. 2025 Aug 1;14:e104918. doi: 10.7554/eLife.104918.
Trained immunity represents a recent concept that elucidates the long-term reprogramming of innate immune cells, enabling them to adapt and respond more effectively to subsequent encounters with diverse pathogens. Initially recognized through the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine, infection, and β-glucan administration, this phenomenon challenges the traditional view that immune memory is exclusive to the adaptive immune system. Trained immunity is characterized by epigenetic and metabolic modifications in innate immune cells that facilitate enhanced responses to infections through mechanisms like chromatin remodeling and altered gene expression. This review focuses on the implications of trained immunity within the lung environment, which is constantly exposed to a plethora of pathogens and environmental irritants. We discuss the roles of various immune cell types, including alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells, in mediating trained immunity and how these adaptations may influence pulmonary insults and disease. Furthermore, we highlight the potential for leveraging trained immunity to enhance vaccine efficacy and develop novel therapeutic strategies for immune-related lung conditions. As research progresses, understanding trained immunity in the lung could pave the way for innovative interventions that improve lung health and resilience against infections.
训练有素的免疫是一个新近提出的概念，它阐释了先天性免疫细胞的长期重编程过程，使这些细胞能够更好地适应并更有效地应对随后遇到的各种病原体。这一现象最初是通过卡介苗、感染和β-葡聚糖给药被认识到的，它挑战了免疫记忆仅存在于适应性免疫系统这一传统观点。训练有素的免疫的特征是先天性免疫细胞中的表观遗传和代谢改变，这些改变通过染色质重塑和基因表达改变等机制促进对感染的增强反应。本综述重点关注训练有素的免疫在肺部环境中的意义，肺部环境持续暴露于大量病原体和环境刺激物中。我们讨论了包括肺泡巨噬细胞和树突状细胞在内的各种免疫细胞类型在介导训练有素的免疫中的作用，以及这些适应性变化如何影响肺部损伤和疾病。此外，我们强调了利用训练有素的免疫来提高疫苗效力以及为免疫相关肺部疾病开发新治疗策略的潜力。随着研究的进展，了解肺部的训练有素的免疫可能为改善肺部健康和抗感染恢复力的创新干预措施铺平道路。
