Yuan Jiaying, Luo Xiao, Huang Lina, Zhou Yaxing, Sha Bingxian, Zhang Tongyangzi, Wang Shengyuan, Yu Li, Xu Xianghuai
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Department of Military Health Statistics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Chron Respir Dis. 2025 Jan-Dec;22:14799731251364875. doi: 10.1177/14799731251364875. Epub 2025 Aug 1.
ObjectivesGastroesophageal reflux-related chronic cough (GERC), an extraesophageal manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Although 24h MII-pH monitoring is the gold standard for diagnosing GERC, its invasiveness, high cost, and limited accessibility hinder widespread use in many clinical settings. This study aimed to develop a non-invasive machine learning model incorporating Peptest™ and GerdQ scores to facilitate GERC detection, particularly in primary care and resource-limited environments where MII-pH testing is not readily available.Methods210 chronic cough patients were enrolled between September 2022 and June 2024. GERC diagnosis followed established guidelines, and salivary pepsin levels were measured via Peptest™. Feature selection was performed using the Boruta algorithm (hereafter referred to as Boruta), a method based on random forest (RF), designed to identify relevant variables by comparing them to random shadow features. The selected optimal features were then evaluated using nine ML models, including logistic regression (LR), RF and others. Model performance was assessed through area under the curve (AUC), decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration curves.Results73 (34.76%) patients had GERC. Peptest™ and GerdQ scores were key predictors. Logistic regression was selected for its balance of accuracy (AUC: 0.876) and clinical utility. The nomogram model showed excellent discrimination and calibration. DCA indicated high net benefit at prediction thresholds of 0.10-0.90. RCS analysis revealed non-linear relationships: GERC risk increased with GerdQ >8.66 and Peptest™ >54.791 ng/ml.ConclusionThe nomogram model provides a reliable, non-invasive tool for GERC diagnosis, aiding timely clinical intervention, especially for patients unsuitable for pH testing.
目的
胃食管反流相关慢性咳嗽(GERC)是胃食管反流病(GERD)的一种食管外表现。虽然24小时多通道腔内阻抗-pH监测是诊断GERC的金标准,但其侵入性、高成本和可及性有限阻碍了其在许多临床环境中的广泛应用。本研究旨在开发一种结合Peptest™和GerdQ评分的非侵入性机器学习模型,以促进GERC的检测,特别是在基层医疗和资源有限的环境中,这些环境中多通道腔内阻抗-pH检测不易获得。
方法
2022年9月至2024年6月期间纳入210例慢性咳嗽患者。GERC诊断遵循既定指南,并通过Peptest™测量唾液胃蛋白酶水平。使用Boruta算法(以下简称Boruta)进行特征选择,该算法基于随机森林(RF),旨在通过将变量与随机影子特征进行比较来识别相关变量。然后使用包括逻辑回归(LR)、随机森林等在内的9种机器学习模型对所选的最佳特征进行评估。通过曲线下面积(AUC)、决策曲线分析(DCA)和校准曲线评估模型性能。
结果
73例(34.76%)患者患有GERC。Peptest™和GerdQ评分是关键预测指标。逻辑回归因其准确性(AUC:0.876)和临床实用性的平衡而被选中。列线图模型显示出优异的区分度和校准度。DCA表明在0.10-0.90的预测阈值下净效益较高。限制立方样条分析显示非线性关系:当GerdQ>8.66且Peptest™>54.791 ng/ml时,GERC风险增加。
结论
列线图模型为GERC诊断提供了一种可靠的非侵入性工具,有助于及时进行临床干预,特别是对于不适合pH检测的患者。