When Does a Patent Foramen Ovale Become a Lifesaver or a Liability in Acute Pulmonary Embolism?

BACKGROUND

Pulmonary embolism (PE) and ischemic stroke, particularly when associated with a patent foramen ovale (PFO), present complex management challenges that require careful consideration.

CASE SUMMARY

A 64-year-old man experienced recurrent ischemic strokes and acute PE, with complications including right ventricular strain and a small PFO with moderate shunting. He presented with dyspnea, hypoxia, and right-sided weakness. Imaging revealed bilateral PE and right ventricular strain. Initial management included intravenous unfractionated heparin and successful embolectomy, followed by long-term anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy. Multidisciplinary discussions addressed the potential for PFO closure, which was postponed until Holter monitoring could rule out atrial fibrillation.

DISCUSSION

This case highlights the complexity of immediate stabilization with long-term management in patients with concurrent thromboembolic conditions. It underscores the potential importance of PFO closure in selected cases.

TAKE-HOME MESSAGES: A multidisciplinary approach is crucial in managing complex thromboembolic conditions, and PFO closure may benefit specific patients.