DSA evaluation of indwelling central venous catheters.

Indwelling central venous catheters are widely used for the management of many disorders but have a high incidence of dislodgement, thrombosis, or occlusion. Contrast studies of these complications are hampered by difficulty injecting contrast through the catheters or peripheral veins. Use of digital subtraction angiography allows adequate visualization with small amounts of contrast and greatly facilitates the study of these catheters and the surrounding venous system.