Wang Qizheng, Ren Tailiang, Wang Haijun, Lin Xiaofei
Department of Pediatrics, Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Huai'an, China.
Department of Pediatrics, The Huai'an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 Jul 18;12:1606264. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1606264. eCollection 2025.
The existing literature on the effects of probiotics on diarrhea and constipation outcomes remains inconsistent. Therefore, this umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses aims to provide a concise and definite understanding in relation to the effect of probiotics on diarrhea and constipation in children.
A comprehensive systematic search was carried out in on Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to December 2024. The overall effect size was calculated using random effect model. Also, subgroup analyses were performed regarding age group, health condition, single or multi-strain probiotics.
This umbrella study comprises a systematic review of 35 studies. Our findings illustrated that probiotics reduce odds [odds ratio (OR) = 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27, 0.94] and risk of diarrhea incidence [relative risk (RR) = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.71] compared to control group, meaningfully. Also, it is successful in reducing diarrhea duration [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -1.85; 95% CI: -2.83, -0.86] and [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.94; 95% CI: -1.32, -0.56] significantly. Moreover, probiotics supplementation resulted in decreased stool frequency (WMD = -0.21; 95% CI: -0.37, -0.04). Probiotics prevent diarrhea by about 36% (RR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.65(, and significantly improved diarrhea treatment (SMD = -0.49; 95% CI: -0.59, -0.38). Also, the analyses revealed that probiotics significantly impact on constipation (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01-1.37).
This meta-analysis supports the potential role of probiotics in relation to diarrhea and constipation outcome in children. Probiotic supplementation contributed to a declined risk and odds of diarrhea incidence. Also, probiotic supplementation was accompanied with decreased diarrhea duration.
关于益生菌对腹泻和便秘影响的现有文献结果仍不一致。因此，这项对系统评价和荟萃分析的综合概述旨在就益生菌对儿童腹泻和便秘的影响提供一个简明且明确的认识。
截至2024年12月，在Scopus、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和谷歌学术上进行了全面的系统检索。使用随机效应模型计算总体效应量。此外，还针对年龄组、健康状况、单菌株或多菌株益生菌进行了亚组分析。
这项综合概述研究包括对35项研究的系统评价。我们的研究结果表明，与对照组相比，益生菌降低了腹泻发生的几率[优势比（OR）=0.51；95%置信区间（CI）：0.27，0.94]和风险[相对风险（RR）=0.54；95%CI：0.40，0.71]，具有显著意义。此外，它成功地缩短了腹泻持续时间[加权均数差（WMD）=-1.85；95%CI：-2.83，-0.86]以及[标准化均数差（SMD）=-0.94；95%CI：-1.32，-0.56]。而且，补充益生菌导致大便频率降低（WMD=-0.21；95%CI：-0.37，-0.04）。益生菌可预防约36%的腹泻（RR=0.64；95%CI：0.63，0.65），并显著改善腹泻治疗效果（SMD=-0.49；95%CI：-0.59，-0.38）。此外，分析显示益生菌对便秘有显著影响（OR=1.17，95%CI：1.01 - 1.37）。
这项荟萃分析支持了益生菌在儿童腹泻和便秘结局方面的潜在作用。补充益生菌有助于降低腹泻发生的风险和几率。此外，补充益生菌还伴随着腹泻持续时间的缩短。
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