Que Hee S S, Peace B, Clark C S, Boyle J R, Bornschein R L, Hammond P B
Environ Res. 1985 Oct;38(1):77-95. doi: 10.1016/0013-9351(85)90074-x.
Efficient sampling methods to recover lead-containing house dust and hand dust have been evolved so that sufficient lead is collected for analysis, and to ensure that correlational analyses linking these two parameters to blood lead are not dependent on the efficiency of sampling. Precise collection of loose house dust from a 1-unit area (484 cm2) with a Tygon or stainless steel sampling tube connected to a portable sampling pump (1.2 to 2.5 liters/min) required repetitive sampling (three times). The Tygon tube sampling technique for loose house dust less than 177 microns in diameter was around 72% efficient with respect to dust weight and lead collection. A representative house dust contained 81% of its total weight in this fraction. A single handwipe for applied loose hand dust was not acceptably efficient or precise, and at least three wipes were necessary to achieve recoveries of greater than 80% of the lead applied. House dusts of different particle sizes less than 246 microns adhered equally well to hands. Analysis of lead-containing material usually required at least three digestions/decantations using hot plate or microwave techniques to allow at least 90% of the lead to be recovered. It was recommended that other investigators validate their handwiping, house dust sampling, and digestion techniques to facilitate comparison of results across studies. The final methodology for the Cincinnati longitudinal study was three sampling passes for surface dust using a stainless steel sampling tube; three microwave digestions/decantations for analysis of dust and paint; and three wipes with handwipes with one digestion/decantation for the analysis of six handwipes together.
已经开发出了有效的采样方法来采集含铅的室内灰尘和手部灰尘，以便收集足够的铅用于分析，并确保将这两个参数与血铅联系起来的相关性分析不依赖于采样效率。使用连接到便携式采样泵（每分钟1.2至2.5升）的泰贡（Tygon）或不锈钢采样管，从1平方单位面积（484平方厘米）精确采集松散的室内灰尘需要重复采样（三次）。对于直径小于177微米的松散室内灰尘，泰贡管采样技术在灰尘重量和铅收集方面的效率约为72%。一份具有代表性的室内灰尘中，这一粒径范围内的灰尘占其总重量的81%。单次擦拭用于涂抹的松散手部灰尘的效率和精度都不理想，至少需要擦拭三次才能实现大于80%的施加铅回收率。小于246微米的不同粒径的室内灰尘对手部的附着效果相同。分析含铅材料通常需要使用热板或微波技术进行至少三次消化/倾析，以使至少90%的铅得以回收。建议其他研究人员验证他们的手部擦拭、室内灰尘采样和消化技术，以便于跨研究比较结果。辛辛那提纵向研究的最终方法是使用不锈钢采样管对表面灰尘进行三次采样；对灰尘和油漆进行三次微波消化/倾析分析；对六次手部擦拭一起进行一次消化/倾析分析，手部擦拭需擦拭三次。
