Moscow State Pedagogical University, 51 Arch. Vlasov St., 117393, Moscow, Russia.
Environ Geochem Health. 1995 Dec;17(4):200-10. doi: 10.1007/BF00661332.
This preliminary investigation of sources of lead exposure in Moscow, Russia, by Russian and US collaborators measured lead in paint, interior dust, and drinking water in seven day-care centres, and in petrol, soil and canned food. Some paint samples exceeded US regulatory standards for lead in paint on surfaces (0.5%). Dust lead loadings were < 1.7 μg cm(-2) and below the guidance levels of the US EPA. Drinking water lead concentrations were at or below the US drinking water standard of 15 μg L(-1). Lead concentrations in petrol from Moscow vehicles and petrol stations were consistent with a regulation banning the sale of leaded petrol within the Moscow City limits. Except for baby food, lead levels were higher in the Russian canned foods (range 6 to 1240 μg kg(-1), dry weight) compared to corresponding US canned foods, with ratios of Russian to US levels of up to 120:1 for evaporated milk. Lead concentrations in soil generally ranged from 500 to 2000 μg g(-1), levels that would trigger hazard reduction measures according to US EPA guidance. These findings, together with the use of lead in petrol outside Moscow, indicate multiple sources of lead exposure in Russia. Priorities for future research are discussed including the establishment of interlaboratory quality control programmes.
本研究初步调查了俄罗斯莫斯科地区铅暴露的来源，由俄罗斯和美国的合作者共同完成，测量了 7 家日托中心的油漆、室内灰尘和饮用水中的铅含量，以及汽油、土壤和罐装食品中的铅含量。一些油漆样本中的铅含量超过了美国表面油漆（0.5%）中铅含量的监管标准。灰尘中的铅负荷<1.7μg/cm(2)，低于美国环保署的指导水平。饮用水中的铅浓度与美国饮用水标准（15μg/L）相当或低于该标准。来自莫斯科车辆和加油站的汽油中的铅浓度与一项禁止在莫斯科市区销售含铅汽油的法规一致。除了婴儿食品外，俄罗斯罐装食品中的铅含量（范围为 6 至 1240μg/kg，干重）高于相应的美国罐装食品，其与美国水平的比值高达 120:1，如蒸发奶。土壤中的铅浓度一般在 500 至 2000μg/g 之间，根据美国环保署的指导意见，这些水平将引发减少危害的措施。这些发现，再加上莫斯科以外地区使用含铅汽油，表明俄罗斯存在多种铅暴露源。未来的研究重点包括建立实验室间质量控制计划。
