Yin Yuming, Song Xueru, Cui Yonghe, Zhang Jilai, Fu Kejian, Zhou Qi, Feng Yuxing, Huang Jiakui, Hu Chenglei, Deng Yishu, Su Youbo
College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.
Yunnan Tobacco Company, Yuxi City Corporation, Yuxi, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Jul 21;16:1632731. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1632731. eCollection 2025.
This study aims to explore the effects of inoculating starch-degrading strains on the starch content and microbial metabolic pathways of cigar tobacco leaves.
By isolating and screening starch-degradation bacteria from the surface of Dominican tobacco leaves at the end of fermentation and applying them to the fermentation process of "" cigar tobacco leaves. The study systematically analyzed the starch content, microbial diversity and community structure, starch metabolic enzyme profiles and key metabolic pathway changes in tobacco leaves fermented for 18 and 35 days, integrating physicochemical composition, non-targeted metabolomics and metagenomics.
The results indicated that both strains and (DX and BLS) exhibited strong starch degradation capabilities. Inoculation with starch-degradation bacteria significantly enhanced the diversity of the microbial community, enriched functional microbial community (such as , , and ), markedly influenced the composition of tobacco leaf metabolites and optimized the micro-environment of tobacco leaf fermentation. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the dynamic changes of starch metabolic enzymes (such as α-amylase, β-amylase and glucoamylase) during the fermentation process were closely related to the succession of the microbial community, with and promoting starch degradation through synergistic interactions. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that starch metabolism is primarily accomplished through four core pathways: starch and sucrose metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and mycolic acid biosynthesis. This study provides a theoretical basis for the quality improvement of cigar tobacco leaves and confirms the potential application value of starch-degradation bacteria in tobacco fermentation.
本研究旨在探讨接种淀粉降解菌株对雪茄烟叶淀粉含量及微生物代谢途径的影响。
从多米尼加发酵末期烟叶表面分离筛选淀粉降解细菌，并应用于“雪茄烟叶”发酵过程。该研究综合理化成分、非靶向代谢组学和宏基因组学，系统分析了发酵18天和35天的烟叶中淀粉含量、微生物多样性和群落结构、淀粉代谢酶谱及关键代谢途径变化。
结果表明，菌株DX和BLS均表现出较强的淀粉降解能力。接种淀粉降解细菌显著提高了微生物群落的多样性，丰富了功能微生物群落（如芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属、伯克氏菌属和贪铜菌属），显著影响了烟叶代谢物的组成，优化了烟叶发酵的微环境。宏基因组分析表明，发酵过程中淀粉代谢酶（如α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶和糖化酶）的动态变化与微生物群落演替密切相关，DX和BLS通过协同作用促进淀粉降解。KEGG通路分析表明，淀粉代谢主要通过四条核心途径完成：淀粉和蔗糖代谢、氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢、糖酵解/糖异生和分枝菌酸生物合成。本研究为雪茄烟叶品质提升提供了理论依据，证实了淀粉降解细菌在烟草发酵中的潜在应用价值。
