Regmi Rajendra, Ali Rabia, Akter Sanjana, Yousuf Fazila, Mainali Bishwo, Park Soo Jean
Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia.
Faculty of Agriculture, Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, 44209, Nepal.
J Chem Ecol. 2025 Aug 5;51(4):79. doi: 10.1007/s10886-025-01636-9.
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), is polyphagous that enables it to develop on different hosts, likely has a host-induced impact on its developmental biology as well as pheromone composition and production. While the effect of geographic variation on the components of FAW pheromone has been extensively studied, fewer studies have explored the influence of larval diet on the FAW pheromone composition. We conducted a laboratory study that examined the pheromone composition and production of FAW reared on horticultural plants, both known and potential hosts, in Australia. FAW larvae were raised on sweetcorn leaves/kernel, bean leaves/pod, okra leaves/fruits, strawberry leaves, capsicum fruits/leaves, and artificial diet. The headspace and pheromone gland compounds were collected from female FAW from each diet and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). FAW female produced four pheromonal compounds (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7C12Ac), (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9C12Ac), (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9C14Ac), and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11C16Ac). FAW reared on capsicum and okra exhibited higher release levels of these pheromonal compounds, whereas those fed on sweetcorn, beans, strawberry, and artificial diet released lower amounts. Notably, analysis of pheromones extracted from the pheromone gland showed that larval diets had no effect on the female FAW pheromone components, except for Z11C16Ac which vary significantly. While these findings improve our understanding of FAW pheromone production physiology mediated by larval diets, this knowledge could potentially be utilized to improve or optimise pheromone lure to enhance their effectiveness in early detection, monitoring and management of FAW populations across diverse cropping systems.
草地贪夜蛾（FAW），即草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith)），是多食性的，这使其能够在不同寄主上发育，可能对其发育生物学以及信息素组成和产生具有寄主诱导的影响。虽然地理变异对草地贪夜蛾信息素成分的影响已得到广泛研究，但较少有研究探讨幼虫食物对草地贪夜蛾信息素组成的影响。我们进行了一项实验室研究，检测了在澳大利亚已知和潜在寄主的园艺植物上饲养的草地贪夜蛾的信息素组成和产生情况。草地贪夜蛾幼虫饲养在甜玉米叶/籽粒、豆叶/豆荚、秋葵叶/果实、草莓叶、辣椒果实/叶以及人工饲料上。从每种食物饲养的雌性草地贪夜蛾中收集顶空和信息素腺体化合物，并通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC - MS）进行分析。雌性草地贪夜蛾产生四种信息素化合物，即（Z）-7 - 十二碳烯基乙酸酯（Z7C12Ac）、（Z）-9 - 十二碳烯基乙酸酯（Z9C12Ac）、（Z）-9 - 十四碳烯基乙酸酯（Z9C14Ac）和（Z）-11 - 十六碳烯基乙酸酯（Z11C16Ac）。在辣椒和秋葵上饲养的草地贪夜蛾表现出这些信息素化合物的释放水平较高，而那些以甜玉米、豆类、草莓和人工饲料为食的释放量较低。值得注意的是，从信息素腺体中提取的信息素分析表明，幼虫食物对雌性草地贪夜蛾信息素成分没有影响，除了Z11C16Ac有显著差异。虽然这些发现增进了我们对幼虫食物介导的草地贪夜蛾信息素产生生理学的理解，但这些知识有可能被用于改进或优化信息素诱捕器，以提高其在不同种植系统中草地贪夜蛾种群早期检测、监测和管理中的有效性。
