This study employed machine learning models to quantitatively analyze liver fat content from MRI images for the evaluation of liver fibrosis and disease severity in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). A total of 26 confirmed MAFLD cases, along with MRI image sequences obtained from public repositories, were included to perform a comprehensive assessment. Radiomics features-such as contrast, correlation, homogeneity, energy, and entropy-were extracted and used to construct a random forest classification model with optimized hyperparameters. The model achieved outstanding performance, with an accuracy of 96.8%, sensitivity of 95.7%, specificity of 97.8%, and an F1-score of 96.8%, demonstrating its strong capability in accurately evaluating the degree of liver fibrosis and overall disease severity in MAFLD patients. The integration of machine learning with MRI-based analysis offers a promising approach to enhancing clinical decision-making and guiding treatment strategies, underscoring the potential of advanced technologies to improve diagnostic precision and disease management in MAFLD.