Mohammadipour Mina, Karimi Sajedeh, Ebrahimpour Karim, Gholipour Sahar, Mohammadi Farzaneh
Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2025 Oct;204:115685. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115685. Epub 2025 Aug 5.
The global rise in bottled water consumption raises concerns about potential health risks associated with chemical migration from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging. Alkylphenols, such as 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), are used as stabilizers in PET and are known endocrine disruptors. Their migration into bottled water may pose health risks. This study aimed to detect and quantify alkylphenols in colored and colorless PET bottled water, investigate their migration kinetics during shelf-life storage, and assess potential non-carcinogenic and estrogenic risks. A total of 30 bottled water samples, equally divided between colored and colorless PET bottles, were analyzed. Detection and quantification of 4-NP and 4-t-OP were performed using gas chromatography (GC) with a mass spectrometry (MS) detector. Results showed the presence of 4-NP and 4-t-OP in all samples, with concentrations ranging from 182 to 933 ng/L and 1.5-19 ng/L, respectively. Kinetic analysis revealed that alkylphenol migration followed a first-order model, with significantly higher concentrations and migration rates observed in colored PET bottles. Despite no significant non-carcinogenic or estrogenic risks from bottled water consumption, these findings emphasize the need for concern regarding colored PET bottles as a potentially higher source of exposure to alkylphenols. Given the widespread use of similar plastics in food and beverage packaging, cumulative exposure remains a critical issue. Continued monitoring and regulatory efforts are essential to minimize human exposure to these contaminants.
全球瓶装水消费量的上升引发了人们对与聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）包装中化学物质迁移相关的潜在健康风险的担忧。烷基酚，如4-壬基酚（4-NP）和4-叔辛基酚（4-t-OP），被用作PET的稳定剂，并且是已知的内分泌干扰物。它们迁移到瓶装水中可能会带来健康风险。本研究旨在检测和定量有色和无色PET瓶装水中的烷基酚，研究其在保质期储存期间的迁移动力学，并评估潜在的非致癌和雌激素风险。共分析了30个瓶装水样本，在有色和无色PET瓶之间平均分配。使用带有质谱（MS）检测器的气相色谱（GC）对4-NP和4-t-OP进行检测和定量。结果显示所有样本中均存在4-NP和4-t-OP，浓度分别为182至933 ng/L和1.5至19 ng/L。动力学分析表明，烷基酚的迁移遵循一级模型，在有色PET瓶中观察到的浓度和迁移速率明显更高。尽管饮用瓶装水不存在显著的非致癌或雌激素风险，但这些发现强调了对有色PET瓶作为烷基酚潜在更高暴露源的担忧。鉴于类似塑料在食品和饮料包装中的广泛使用，累积暴露仍然是一个关键问题。持续监测和监管努力对于尽量减少人类接触这些污染物至关重要。
