Mutlu Hatice, Pektas Bercis, Becer C Remzi, Kocaarslan Azra
Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR 7361 CNRS/Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France.
Department of Polymer Chemistry, Technical Polymer Chemistry, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
Macromol Rapid Commun. 2025 Aug 6:e00171. doi: 10.1002/marc.202500171.
Click Chemistry, particularly the azide-alkyne cycloaddition (AAC) reaction, has revolutionized polymer chemistry, enabling precise and efficient synthesis of advanced functional materials. With its high regioselectivity, mild reaction conditions, and versatility, AAC reactions align closely with the principles of Green and Sustainable Chemistry. However, the core principles of Click Chemistry, particularly its compatibility with Green Chemistry ideals-such as reduced waste, high atom economy, and mild reaction conditions-remain insufficiently emphasized in the context of polymer chemistry. The review evaluates current limitations in AAC-particularly the challenges associated with hazardous azide reagents and reliance on non-renewable resources-and explores innovative solutions, including greener catalysts, solvent-free systems, and the incorporation of renewable feedstocks. Additionally, the review presents a comparison of activation methods, spanning thermal, catalytic, metal-free, and strain-promoted pathways, to highlight their respective advantages and trade-offs in sustainability. Practical applications of AAC in polymer design are discussed, showcasing its role in creating materials with tailored properties such as thermal stability, bioactivity, and electronic functionality. This analysis provides a roadmap for future research to optimize AAC for sustainability without compromising its effectiveness in materials design.
点击化学，尤其是叠氮化物-炔烃环加成（AAC）反应，彻底改变了聚合物化学，使先进功能材料的精确高效合成成为可能。凭借其高区域选择性、温和的反应条件和多功能性，AAC反应与绿色和可持续化学的原则高度契合。然而，在聚合物化学领域，点击化学的核心原则，特别是其与绿色化学理念（如减少废物、高原子经济性和温和反应条件）的兼容性，仍未得到充分强调。该综述评估了AAC目前的局限性——特别是与危险叠氮化物试剂相关的挑战以及对不可再生资源的依赖——并探索了创新解决方案，包括更环保的催化剂、无溶剂体系以及可再生原料的纳入。此外，该综述还对活化方法进行了比较，涵盖热、催化、无金属和应变促进途径，以突出它们在可持续性方面各自的优点和权衡。讨论了AAC在聚合物设计中的实际应用，展示了其在创建具有热稳定性、生物活性和电子功能等定制特性的材料方面的作用。该分析为未来研究提供了路线图，以便在不损害其在材料设计中的有效性的前提下，优化AAC以实现可持续性。
