Hausien Omar, Pannuto Lucia, Tzafetta Kallirroi
From the St Andrews Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, United Kingdom.
Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2025 Aug 6;13(8):e6998. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000006998. eCollection 2025 Aug.
Bilateral facial palsy with multiple cranial nerve involvement presents a reconstructive challenge. We report the use of a single donor nerve, the masseteric nerve, for the reinnervation of 2 free functioning gracilis flaps in a pediatric case of bilateral facial palsy. A 9-year-old child was referred to our center following excision of a cerebellar tumor (pilocytic astrocytoma). This resulted in multiple cranial nerve palsies including bilateral facial, abducens, and left masseteric nerves. Relevant clinical findings were a mask-like face, drooling, incomplete eye closure, and swallowing and speech difficulties. A 3-stage approach was utilized to achieve bilateral smile reanimation using a single donor nerve and avoid any further functional deficits. In the first surgery, the available right masseteric nerve main branch was coapted to a cross-facial nerve graft (sural nerve graft). In the second surgery, this graft was then split proximally, with half used to power an ipsilateral free functioning gracilis flap, and the remaining half later used to power a contralateral gracilis flap at the third stage. Good commissure excursion, more than 10 mm, was achieved bilaterally, with both flaps contributing to a symmetrical and synchronous smile. Spontaneity was developed, attributed to neuronal plasticity and physiotherapy input. In our experience, this technique is a valid option for smile restoration in pediatric patients with bilateral facial palsy who have only 1 of 2 masseteric nerves available for transfer.
双侧面瘫合并多组颅神经受累带来了重建方面的挑战。我们报告了在一例小儿双侧面瘫病例中,使用单一供体神经——咬肌神经,对两块游离功能性股薄肌瓣进行神经再支配的情况。一名9岁儿童在切除小脑肿瘤(毛细胞型星形细胞瘤)后被转诊至我们中心。这导致了多组颅神经麻痹,包括双侧面部、展神经和左侧咬肌神经。相关临床症状为面具样脸形、流口水、眼睑闭合不全以及吞咽和言语困难。采用了三阶段方法,利用单一供体神经实现双侧微笑重建,并避免任何进一步的功能缺陷。在第一次手术中,将可用的右侧咬肌神经主支与跨面神经移植(腓肠神经移植)进行吻合。在第二次手术中,将该移植神经在近端劈开,一半用于为同侧游离功能性股薄肌瓣提供动力,另一半随后在第三阶段用于为对侧股薄肌瓣提供动力。双侧均实现了良好的口角移动,超过10毫米,两块肌瓣共同形成了对称且同步的微笑。由于神经可塑性和物理治疗的作用,出现了自发性微笑。根据我们的经验,对于仅有一条咬肌神经可用于转移的小儿双侧面瘫患者,该技术是恢复微笑的有效选择。