Filipe Helena Prior, Yaïci Rémi, Ivekovic Renata, Curtin Denise, Asoklis Rimvydas, Atilla Huban, Bak Elske, Pueyo-Bestué Ana, Beaconsfield Michèle, Creuzot-Garcher Catherine, Cvenkel Barbara, Flanagan Lisa, Imhof Saskia, Kivelä Tero, Koppen Carina, Mrukwa-Kominec Ewa, Maino Anna, Mouriaux Frédéric, Muselier Aurore, Dhubghaill Sorcha Ni, Paust Karsten, Priglinger Siegfried, Stopa Marcin, Strong Brendan, Tanner Felix, Tassignon Marie-José, Ursell Paul, Aclimandos Wagih, Bourcier Tristan
Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of Egas Moniz, Western Lisbon Hospital Centre, Lisbon, Portugal.
Department of Ophthalmology, Strasbourg University Hospital, NHC, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
Acta Ophthalmol. 2025 Aug 7. doi: 10.1111/aos.17575.
Ophthalmology encompasses comprehensive medical and surgical care for patients with diverse visual system disorders, significantly impacting eye health, vision, and quality of life. European ophthalmologists undergo specialized residency training to acquire necessary competencies, emphasizing theoretical knowledge, clinical and surgical skills, and professional behaviour. The European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) and the European Board of Ophthalmology (EBO) advocate for competency-based medical education (CBME), standardized training frameworks, and harmonized assessments across Europe.
In 2023, a survey among European ophthalmologists demonstrated broad consensus on establishing unified training requirements. Subsequently, a Core Working Group developed European Training Requirements (ETRs) for ophthalmology, detailing curricula, subspecialty rotations, and Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) across a structured four-year residency.
These ETRs, formally approved by UEMS in October 2024, incorporate simulation-based training, workplace-based assessments (WPBA), and innovative evaluation methods such as electronic portfolios. Certification as a European Specialist in Ophthalmology involves passing rigorous summative assessments, including the European Board of Ophthalmology Diploma (EBOD) examination. Training institutions must offer substantial clinical exposure, robust infrastructure, and comprehensive educational resources. Faculty support, continuous quality assurance, regular audits, and clinical governance frameworks are essential.
The ETRs also highlight the importance of interprofessional collaboration and encourage subspecialty expansion in emerging areas like ophthalmic oncology and global ophthalmology. Designed as a dynamic, "living document," the ETRs will evolve with scientific and technological advancements, supporting high-quality ophthalmic education and practice while respecting national diversity and sovereignty.
眼科涵盖对患有各种视觉系统疾病患者的全面医疗和手术护理，对眼部健康、视力和生活质量有重大影响。欧洲眼科医生接受专门的住院医师培训以获得必要的能力，重点是理论知识、临床和手术技能以及专业行为。欧洲医学专家联盟（UEMS）和欧洲眼科委员会（EBO）倡导基于能力的医学教育（CBME）、标准化培训框架以及全欧洲统一的评估。
2023年，对欧洲眼科医生的一项调查显示，在制定统一培训要求方面达成了广泛共识。随后，一个核心工作组制定了眼科的欧洲培训要求（ETRs），详细说明了结构化四年住院医师培训期间的课程、亚专业轮转和可托付专业活动（EPA）。
这些ETRs于2024年10月得到UEMS的正式批准，纳入了基于模拟的培训、基于工作场所的评估（WPBA）以及电子档案袋等创新评估方法。获得欧洲眼科专家认证需要通过严格的总结性评估，包括欧洲眼科委员会文凭（EBOD）考试。培训机构必须提供大量临床实习机会、强大的基础设施和全面的教育资源。教师支持、持续质量保证、定期审核和临床治理框架至关重要。
ETRs还强调了跨专业合作的重要性，并鼓励在眼科肿瘤学和全球眼科等新兴领域进行亚专业拓展。ETRs被设计为一份动态的“活文件”，将随着科技进步而发展，在尊重国家多样性和主权的同时，支持高质量的眼科教育和实践。
