Teräs Tea, Myllyntausta Saana, Pentti Jaana, Pasanen Jesse, Rovio Suvi, Stenholm Sari
Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Eur J Ageing. 2025 Aug 7;22(1):40. doi: 10.1007/s10433-025-00876-8.
The transition to retirement has been shown to be accompanied by increased sleep duration and improved sleep quality. In addition, some studies suggest accelerated decline in cognitive function in post-retirement years. However, less is known about their interconnectedness. The aim of this study was to examine the concurrent changes in sleep and cognitive function during retirement transition. The study population consisted of 250 public sector workers (mean age before retirement 63.1 years, standard deviation 1.4) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study. The participants used a wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometer, responded to the Jenkins Sleep Problem Scale and underwent cognitive testing annually before and after retirement. Computerized Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB®) was used to evaluate learning and memory, working memory, sustained attention and information processing, executive function and cognitive flexibility, and reaction time. Cognitive function improved in all cognitive domains, except for reaction time, during 1-year retirement transition period. The improvement was temporary in learning and memory, working memory and executive function and cognitive flexibility, which plateaued in post-retirement years. The participants were categorized into constantly short (49%), increasing (20%), decreasing (6%), and constantly mid-range (25%) sleep duration; and constantly without (36%), increasing (10%), decreasing (16%), and constantly with (38%) sleep difficulties. There were no associations between changes in sleep duration or sleep difficulties and cognitive function during retirement transition. Cognitive function improves temporarily during transition to retirement, but the improvement is independent of changes in sleep characteristics.
研究表明，退休转型伴随着睡眠时间的增加和睡眠质量的改善。此外，一些研究表明，退休后认知功能会加速衰退。然而，它们之间的相互联系却鲜为人知。本研究的目的是考察退休转型期间睡眠和认知功能的同步变化。研究对象来自芬兰退休与老龄化研究，包括250名公共部门工作人员（退休前平均年龄63.1岁，标准差1.4）。参与者使用腕戴式活动记录仪，回答詹金斯睡眠问题量表，并在退休前后每年接受认知测试。使用计算机化剑桥神经心理测试自动成套系统（CANTAB®）评估学习与记忆、工作记忆、持续注意力和信息处理、执行功能和认知灵活性以及反应时间。在1年的退休转型期内，除反应时间外，所有认知领域的认知功能均有所改善。学习与记忆、工作记忆、执行功能和认知灵活性方面的改善是暂时的，在退休后几年趋于平稳。参与者被分为持续短睡眠（49%）、增加（20%）、减少（6%）和持续中等睡眠（25%）时长组；以及持续无（36%）、增加（10%）、减少（16%）和持续有（38%）睡眠困难组。退休转型期间，睡眠时间变化或睡眠困难与认知功能之间无关联。向退休过渡期间，认知功能暂时改善，但这种改善与睡眠特征的变化无关。
