埃及血吸虫杂交对血吸虫病分子诊断的影响:一项重点关注女性生殖器血吸虫病的综述
The impact of Schistosoma haematobium hybridization on molecular diagnosis of schistosomiasis: A review with emphasis on female genital schistosomiasis.
作者信息
Ally Ombeni, Kanoi Bernard N, Mmbando Gideon S, Nyanjom Steven Ger, Mnyone Ladslaus L, Gitaka Jesse, Misinzo Gerald, Ochola Lucy
机构信息
Department of Biology, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania.
Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya.
出版信息
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2025 Aug 7;19(8):e0013364. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0013364. eCollection 2025 Aug.
Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) is a gynecological manifestation of urinary schistosomiasis in female genitals. FGS is a neglected tropical disease; not only are most patients unaware of the condition, but healthcare workers and policymakers have inadequate knowledge about it. The treatment and control of FGS relies on current guidelines for controlling and eliminating schistosomiasis without rigorous focus on clinical evidence of the presence of FGS. Neglect of FGS has led to the misconception that the disease is sexually transmitted. Diagnosing FGS remains challenging as there is no widely accepted reference assay. Urine examination, which is the gold standard in urogenital schistosomiasis has some limitations in diagnosing FGS as the demonstration of Schistosoma haematobium and/or eggs alone does not necessarily indicate FGS. In order to overcome challenges with the biopsy and colposcopy approach, some studies have evaluated the potential of PCR-based assays and isothermal amplification of Schistosoma DNA. Recent studies have reported hybridization between S. haematobium and other livestock schistosomes, but little is known about the impact of hybridization on schistosomiasis diagnosis. These hybrids not only affect livestock and humans but also have their genomes modified, and in some cases, abnormal egg morphology due to Schistosoma hybridization might affect the actual prevalence estimation. Herein, we highlight the potential impacts of S. haematobium hybridization on molecular diagnosis of schistosomiasis, with an emphasis on FGS.
女性生殖器血吸虫病(FGS)是泌尿血吸虫病在女性生殖器的一种妇科表现形式。FGS是一种被忽视的热带病;不仅大多数患者对该病 unaware,而且医护人员和政策制定者对其了解也不足。FGS的治疗和控制依赖于当前控制和消除血吸虫病的指南,而没有严格聚焦于FGS存在的临床证据。对FGS的忽视导致了该病是性传播疾病的误解。由于没有广泛接受的参考检测方法,诊断FGS仍然具有挑战性。尿液检查虽是泌尿生殖系统血吸虫病的金标准,但在诊断FGS方面存在一些局限性,因为仅发现埃及血吸虫和/或虫卵并不一定表明存在FGS。为了克服活检和阴道镜检查方法的挑战,一些研究评估了基于PCR的检测方法和血吸虫DNA等温扩增的潜力。最近的研究报告了埃及血吸虫与其他家畜血吸虫之间的杂交情况,但关于杂交对血吸虫病诊断的影响知之甚少。这些杂交种不仅影响家畜和人类,其基因组也会发生改变,在某些情况下,由于血吸虫杂交导致的异常虫卵形态可能会影响实际患病率的估计。在此,我们强调埃及血吸虫杂交对血吸虫病分子诊断的潜在影响,重点是FGS。
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