Sharma Sonia, Gibbons Alicia, Saphire Erica Ollmann
La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Laboratory for Inflammatory Immune Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan.
Science. 2025 Aug 7;389(6760):599-603. doi: 10.1126/science.adx4381.
Biological sex exerts a substantial influence on the immune system and immune-related diseases. Males are more susceptible to the acute effects of viral disease and certain cancers, whereas females exhibit a more robust immune response that can make them prone to developing autoimmune complications. We reflect on the emerging appreciation of sex differences-governed by genetics, sex hormones, and environmental factors-in tissue immunity and immunology. Understanding these tissue context-dependent sex differences in the immune system is critical to deciphering the exact mechanisms that determine why women and men experience organ-specific infections, autoimmune or inflammatory diseases, and cancers differently. Only by parsing distinction at the tissue level can the development of personalized and precision immunotherapy approaches be conceived and then achieved.
生物性别对免疫系统及免疫相关疾病有着重大影响。男性更容易受到病毒性疾病和某些癌症的急性影响，而女性则表现出更强的免疫反应，这可能使她们更容易出现自身免疫并发症。我们思考了由遗传、性激素和环境因素所调控的性别差异在组织免疫和免疫学中日益受到的重视。了解免疫系统中这些依赖于组织背景的性别差异，对于解读决定男女为何在器官特异性感染、自身免疫或炎症性疾病以及癌症方面存在不同体验的具体机制至关重要。只有通过剖析组织层面的差异，才能构思并实现个性化和精准免疫治疗方法的发展。
