Yousif Muhammad, Liao Fei, Tang Ziyao, Yang Feng, Tahir Rabia, Rajput Zahid Iqbal, Hassan Muhammad Farooque, Abass Kasim Sakran, Hu Yanchun
Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, 67210, Sindh, Pakistan.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2025 Aug 7;118(9):125. doi: 10.1007/s10482-025-02138-0.
Bovine mastitis is an important economic and public health issue of the milk sector which leads to reduction in milk-production, quality, and increased culling rates. The main causative is Staphylococcus aureus because this microorganism has ability to produce the virulence factors like hemolysins. However, these factors enhance defense against host immune system and produce antibiotic resistance because the antibiotic agents are frequently used and also the antibiotic residues may be remained in the milk which is a major publish health concern. This issue can be counteracted by alternative such as probiotics. Therefore, this review focuses on the utilization of probiotics against Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors and product the mammary glands from commensal and colonizing to disease. it highlights how probiotics interfere against pathogenesis such as; biofilm production, hemolysins, adhesion, invasion into mammary epithelial cells, and quorum-sensing signaling, all of which are pivotal for colonization. Ultimately, probiotics proves advantageous in treating and preventing bovine mastitis, potentially contributing to an extended disease-free period and reduce the frequent use of antibiotics. The aims of this study are to systematically summarize the mechanisms by which probiotics counteract Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors, evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis and provide a theoretical basis for the practical application of probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics in the dairy industry.
牛乳腺炎是乳制品行业一个重要的经济和公共卫生问题，它会导致产奶量下降、质量降低以及淘汰率上升。主要致病菌是金黄色葡萄球菌，因为这种微生物能够产生溶血素等毒力因子。然而，这些因子会增强对宿主免疫系统的防御并产生抗生素耐药性，这是由于抗生素的频繁使用，而且抗生素残留可能会留在牛奶中，这是一个主要的公共卫生问题。这个问题可以通过益生菌等替代方法来解决。因此，本综述聚焦于利用益生菌对抗金黄色葡萄球菌的毒力因子，并保护乳腺组织免受共生菌、定植菌侵害以及预防疾病。它强调了益生菌如何干扰诸如生物膜形成、溶血素产生、黏附、侵入乳腺上皮细胞以及群体感应信号传导等发病机制，所有这些对于细菌定植都至关重要。最终，益生菌在治疗和预防牛乳腺炎方面被证明是有益的，可能有助于延长无病期并减少抗生素的频繁使用。本研究的目的是系统总结益生菌对抗金黄色葡萄球菌毒力因子作用的机制，评估益生菌在预防和治疗牛乳腺炎方面的效果，并为益生菌在乳制品行业作为抗生素替代品的实际应用提供理论依据。
