Sanjaya Guardian Yoki, Fuad Anis, Prakosa Hendri Kurniawan, Prastika Nela Afirda, Andriani Sekar Putri, Hidayah Fitria Nur, Asvinigita Luh Rai Maduretno, Njuge Joseph, Rahmadanti Amy, Adity Wisnu
Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Stud Health Technol Inform. 2025 Aug 7;329:53-57. doi: 10.3233/SHTI250800.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health threat, causing up to 10 million deaths annually. Effective control of antimicrobial use is essential for AMR surveillance, with Antimicrobial Use or Consumption (AMU/C) data playing a crucial role. Monitoring can be facilitated through electronic prescriptions in Electronic Medical Records (EMR), necessitating a robust data exchange mechanism linked to a national dashboard. Indonesia's Satu Sehat policy standardizes this data exchange across healthcare facilities. To promote adoption, a "playbook" has been developed, detailing data exchange protocols for various health programs, including AMR and AMU/C. This paper aims to explain the development process of AMR and AMU/C playbook through desk reviews, field observations, and focus group discussions, focusing on interoperable variables aligned with FHIR-HL7 standards and health terminologies like SNOMED CT, LOINC, and ICD 10. The playbook emphasizes a limited set of variables related to electronic prescriptions and culture testing, offering a pathway for alignment with WHO SMART guidelines, primarily addressing the technical aspects of data collection.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）是对全球健康的重大威胁，每年导致多达1000万人死亡。有效控制抗菌药物的使用对于AMR监测至关重要，抗菌药物使用或消费（AMU/C）数据起着关键作用。通过电子病历（EMR）中的电子处方可以促进监测，这需要一个与国家仪表盘相连的强大数据交换机制。印度尼西亚的“一健康”政策使各医疗机构之间的数据交换标准化。为了促进采用，已经制定了一本“操作手册”，详细说明了包括AMR和AMU/C在内的各种卫生项目的数据交换协议。本文旨在通过案头审查、实地观察和焦点小组讨论来解释AMR和AMU/C操作手册的制定过程，重点关注与FHIR-HL7标准以及诸如SNOMED CT、LOINC和ICD 10等卫生术语相一致的可互操作变量。该操作手册强调了与电子处方和培养检测相关的一组有限变量，为符合世界卫生组织SMART指南提供了一条途径，主要解决数据收集的技术方面问题。
