Kumar Pragati, Singh Yatendra, Singh Shashi Pratap, Ojha Madhup, Wal Pranay
PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Curr Drug Saf. 2025 Aug 6. doi: 10.2174/0115748863382305250725053105.
A transdermal drug delivery system is a convenient drug delivery system where the drug enters the systemic circulation through the protective barrier, i.e., skin. Ethosomes are the ethanolic phospholipid vesicles, which are mainly used for transdermal delivery of medicines. They are nano-vesicular carriers for the topical application of the drugs. The major components of ethosomes are phospholipids, ethanol at relatively high concentrations (up to 50%), and water. The vesicles' composition and structure enhance their ability to entrap molecules with numerous physicochemical characteristics and bring them to the skin's deep layers. Because of their enhanced skin penetration, improved drug delivery, and higher drug entrapment efficiency, ethosomes have become more significant in the field of research. Skin acts as a major target and main barrier for topical or transdermal drug delivery and hence several approaches have been developed to weaken this skin barrier. Vesicular systems like ethosomes are the key approaches to increasing the skin penetration of medicines and various cosmetic components. Ethanol has been added to vesicular systems to create elastic nanovesicles because it is an effective penetration enhancer. For stability and simplicity of use, ethosomal dispersions are added to gels, patches, and creams. This review focuses on research using ethosomal formulations containing natural active compounds for the treatment of skin problems that has been done in vitro, in vivo in animal models, and on people in clinical investigations. Ethosomal systems have been shown to effectively control a variety of skin conditions, including bacterial and fungal infections, inflammation, acne vulgaris, arthritis, skin cancer, etc. Furthermore, ethosomes loaded with various naturally occurring components for cosmetic applications are also reported. The conception of new dermal therapies was made possible by the effective treatments, their good safety profile, and their lack of toxicity or irritation.
透皮给药系统是一种便捷的给药系统，药物通过保护屏障即皮肤进入体循环。醇质体是乙醇磷脂囊泡，主要用于药物的透皮给药。它们是用于局部给药的纳米囊泡载体。醇质体的主要成分是磷脂、相对高浓度（高达50%）的乙醇和水。囊泡的组成和结构增强了它们捕获具有多种物理化学特性的分子并将其带到皮肤深层的能力。由于其增强的皮肤渗透性、改善的药物递送和更高的药物包封效率，醇质体在研究领域变得更加重要。皮肤是局部或透皮给药的主要靶点和主要屏障，因此已经开发了几种方法来削弱这种皮肤屏障。像醇质体这样的囊泡系统是提高药物和各种化妆品成分皮肤渗透性的关键方法。乙醇已被添加到囊泡系统中以产生弹性纳米囊泡，因为它是一种有效的渗透促进剂。为了稳定性和使用简便性，醇质体分散体被添加到凝胶、贴剂和乳膏中。本综述重点关注使用含有天然活性化合物的醇质体制剂治疗皮肤问题的研究，这些研究已在体外、动物模型体内以及临床研究中的人体上进行。醇质体系统已被证明能有效控制多种皮肤状况，包括细菌和真菌感染、炎症、寻常痤疮、关节炎、皮肤癌等。此外，还报道了负载各种天然成分用于化妆品应用的醇质体。有效的治疗方法、良好的安全性以及缺乏毒性或刺激性使得新型皮肤疗法的概念成为可能。
