Coomer Cagney E, Manohar Sumanth, Turnbaugh Evelyn M, Morris Ann C
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.
bioRxiv. 2025 Jul 22:2025.07.18.665589. doi: 10.1101/2025.07.18.665589.
Neural crest cells (NCC) are vertebrate-specific multipotent progenitor cells that arise from the neural plate border and go on to contribute to a wide variety of morphological structures such as the jaw and palate, enteric nervous system (ENS), and pigment cells. Defects in essential steps in neural crest cell development have been associated with a wide variety of congenital disorders, collectively referred to as neurocristopathies. Her9/Hes4 is a bHLH-O transcriptional repressor that has been shown to regulate neural crest cell and craniofacial development in Xenopus and zebrafish, however the extent of Her9 function in other neural crest cell lineages has not been investigated. In this study, we characterized NCC phenotypes in mutant zebrafish. We show that loss of Her9 perturbs the development of several NCC derivatives. mutants display a variety of NCC defects, including craniofacial abnormalities, alterations in pigment cell lineages, and improper formation of the gut. These phenotypes are associated with defects in neural crest cell specification, migration, and differentiation, as well as an upregulation in expression of BMP ligand genes. Furthermore, loss of Her9 leads to apoptosis of NCC derivatives. Collectively, our results show that Her9 functions in neural crest development by regulating members of the NCC gene regulatory network (GRN) to control NCC specification, migration, differentiation and survival.
神经嵴细胞(NCC)是脊椎动物特有的多能祖细胞,起源于神经板边界,进而分化为多种形态结构,如下颌和腭、肠神经系统(ENS)以及色素细胞。神经嵴细胞发育关键步骤的缺陷与多种先天性疾病相关,统称为神经嵴病变。Her9/Hes4是一种bHLH - O转录抑制因子,已证实在非洲爪蟾和斑马鱼中可调节神经嵴细胞和颅面发育,然而Her9在其他神经嵴细胞谱系中的功能范围尚未得到研究。在本研究中,我们对突变斑马鱼中的NCC表型进行了特征描述。我们发现Her9缺失会扰乱几种NCC衍生物的发育。突变体表现出多种NCC缺陷,包括颅面异常、色素细胞谱系改变以及肠道形成异常。这些表型与神经嵴细胞特化、迁移和分化缺陷以及BMP配体基因表达上调有关。此外,Her9缺失导致NCC衍生物凋亡。总体而言,我们的结果表明,Her9通过调节NCC基因调控网络(GRN)的成员来控制NCC的特化、迁移、分化和存活,从而在神经嵴发育中发挥作用。
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