Agostini G, Mooney E T, Wilkie Elw, White J D
Queensland Veterinary Specialists, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Aust Vet J. 2025 Aug 8. doi: 10.1111/avj.70004.
Ingestion of anticoagulant rodenticide is among the most common toxicoses seen in dogs and cats. Current treatment protocols in veterinary patients recommend the use of plasma-containing blood products to replenish clotting factors. Intravenous mixed-micelle phytomenadione (MMP) represents a safe and cost-effective alternative to traditional therapy.
Description of the use of MMP as a treatment for clinical anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis, focusing on the incidence of adverse reactions and restoration of coagulation times. Duration of hospitalisation, cost of treatment and need for red blood cell-containing products were compared between two cohorts of patients receiving MMP and traditional therapy with blood products.
Retrospective search of electronic medical records from two Australian emergency and referral hospitals for patients treated for clinical anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis between July 2021 and July 2024.
74 animals (71 dogs, 3 cats) were treated for anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis within the study period. 44 dogs comprised the "control" group, and 27 dogs and 3 cats comprised the "MMP" group. One dog was excluded from each group. There was no difference in survival to discharge between groups (P = 0.28). No adverse reactions to MMP were recorded. Dogs within the "control" group were significantly more likely to receive fresh frozen plasma (FFP), there was no difference in requirement for red blood cell-containing products between groups (P = 1). Animals in the MMP group had significantly shorter hospitalisation time when compared with the control group (P = 0.01).
Based on red cell transfusion requirements and survival data in this case series, it can be suggested that MMP is a comparable and cost-effective treatment alternative for clinical anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis.
摄入抗凝血灭鼠剂是犬猫中最常见的中毒情况之一。目前兽医患者的治疗方案建议使用含血浆的血液制品来补充凝血因子。静脉注射混合微团维生素K1（MMP）是传统疗法的一种安全且经济高效的替代方法。
描述MMP作为临床抗凝血灭鼠剂中毒治疗方法的应用，重点关注不良反应的发生率和凝血时间的恢复。比较接受MMP治疗的患者和接受含红细胞血液制品传统疗法的两组患者的住院时间、治疗费用以及对含红细胞制品的需求。
回顾性检索两家澳大利亚急诊和转诊医院2021年7月至2024年7月期间接受临床抗凝血灭鼠剂中毒治疗患者的电子病历。
在研究期间，74只动物（71只犬，3只猫）接受了抗凝血灭鼠剂中毒治疗。44只犬组成“对照组”，27只犬和3只猫组成“MMP组”。每组各排除1只犬。两组间出院生存率无差异（P = 0.28）。未记录到对MMP的不良反应。“对照组”中的犬更有可能接受新鲜冰冻血浆（FFP），两组对含红细胞制品的需求无差异（P = 1）。与对照组相比，MMP组动物的住院时间显著缩短（P = 0.01）。
基于本病例系列中的红细胞输血需求和生存数据，可表明MMP是临床抗凝血灭鼠剂中毒一种可比且经济高效的治疗选择。
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