Hulscher Lucas M, van Loon Sam, van Gestel Cornelis A M
Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Chemosphere. 2025 Sep;386:144613. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144613. Epub 2025 Aug 7.
Tire particles (TPs) are one of the biggest contributors to microplastic pollution, with reported soil concentrations exceeding 1 % close to busy roads. Little research has been done on the impact of TPs on soil organisms. In this study, two size classes of tire particles, 0-75 μm and 75-180 μm, were compared to determine if size does influence their toxicity to the springtail Sinella curviseta. Adult springtails were exposed for three weeks to TPs spiked in LUFA 2.2 natural soil at concentrations between 0.0016 % and 4 % (w/w). TP addition caused an increase of soil pH at the two highest concentrations, and a dose-related increase of soil Zn concentrations, which were higher for the larger TPs. Available (0.01 M CaCl extractable) Zn concentrations also increased, but were far below toxic levels in all cases. Springtail survival was not affected, but reproduction was decreased by 59 % and 39 % at the highest concentration (4 %) compared to the control for the 0-75 μm and 75-180 μm classes, respectively. ECs were 3.50 % TPs in soil for the 0-75 μm class and 6.36 % TPs for the 75-180 μm class, and differed significantly between the two size classes (χ > 3.84, p < 0.05). These results suggest that smaller sized tire particles (0-75 μm) are more toxic to S. curviseta than larger ones (75-180 μm). It may also be concluded that long-term exposure to tire particles may threaten springtail populations at the highest concentrations currently found near roadsides.
轮胎颗粒（TPs）是微塑料污染的最大来源之一，据报道，繁忙道路附近土壤中的轮胎颗粒浓度超过1%。关于轮胎颗粒对土壤生物影响的研究很少。在本研究中，比较了两种粒径的轮胎颗粒，0-75μm和75-180μm，以确定粒径是否会影响它们对跳虫Sinella curviseta的毒性。成年跳虫在LUFA 2.2天然土壤中添加浓度为0.0016%至4%（w/w）的轮胎颗粒中暴露三周。添加轮胎颗粒在两个最高浓度下导致土壤pH值升高，以及土壤锌浓度呈剂量相关增加，较大的轮胎颗粒中锌浓度更高。有效（0.01M CaCl可提取）锌浓度也增加，但在所有情况下都远低于毒性水平。跳虫的存活率没有受到影响，但在最高浓度（4%）下，0-75μm和75-180μm粒径类别的繁殖率分别比对照降低了59%和39%。0-75μm粒径类别的土壤中轮胎颗粒的半数效应浓度（ECs）为3.50%，75-180μm粒径类别的为6.36%，两个粒径类别之间差异显著（χ>3.84，p<0.05）。这些结果表明，较小粒径的轮胎颗粒（0-75μm）对弯曲裸腹蚤的毒性比较大粒径的（75-180μm）更大。还可以得出结论，长期暴露于轮胎颗粒可能会威胁到目前在路边发现的最高浓度下的跳虫种群。
