Rady Mona, Mohamed Eman, Khorshid Ola, Abou-Aisha Khaled
Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt.
Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), New Administrative Capital, Cairo, Egypt.
Immunogenetics. 2025 Aug 9;77(1):26. doi: 10.1007/s00251-025-01383-x.
Natural killer (NK) cells, a key component of the innate immune system, play a crucial role in detecting and eliminating cancer cells, contributing to cancer immune surveillance. Increasing evidence suggests that NK cell functions are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, including the influence of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). These lncRNAs, transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, are emerging as important regulators of gene expression. In this study, we investigated the expression of 84 lncRNAs in NK cells isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with invasive breast cancer. Using lncRNA PCR array profiling, we identified 26 differentially expressed lncRNAs in circulating NK cells isolated from peripheral blood of breast cancer patients, with 10 genes showing significant downregulation and 16 genes showing significant upregulation. Gene ontology (GO) and functional enrichment analysis revealed that among the ten downregulated lncRNAs, four lncRNAs have deposited gene ontology terms and known biological functions. These lncRNAs are PTENP1-AS (fold change 0.27, P = 0.0206), TSIX (fold change 0.05, P = 0.0037), XIST (fold change 0.42, P = 0.007), and CCAT1 (fold change 0.09, P = 0.0191). On the other hand, among the 16 upregulated lncRNAs, five lncRNAs have deposited gene ontology terms and known biological functions. These lncRNAs are GNAS-AS1 (fold change 5.10, P = 0.0104), MEG3 (fold change 46.85, P = 0.0138), CDKN2B-AS1 (fold change 81.80, P = 0.0087), HOTAIR (fold change 6.86, P = 0.0042), and AIRN (fold change 7.97, P = 0.0379). Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the downregulated lncRNAs were mainly involved in biological processes such as chromatin organization, epigenetic regulation of gene expression, and dosage compensation via X chromosome inactivation, while the upregulated lncRNAs were linked to epigenetic regulation, genomic imprinting, and chromatin remodeling. These enrichments were identified using Bonferroni correction with an adjusted P-value < 0.05. Given the biological functions of the dysregulated lncRNAs in NK cells from breast cancer patients, this has the potential to significantly impact the antitumor functionality of NK cells, possibly contributing to the impaired immune surveillance and tumor control commonly observed in breast cancer patients. Understanding the dysregulation of lncRNAs in NK cells may provide critical insights into the mechanisms underlying impaired NK cell function in breast cancer, offering promising approaches for developing immunotherapies aiming at restoring NK cell activity in cancer patients.
自然杀伤(NK)细胞是先天免疫系统的关键组成部分,在检测和消除癌细胞中发挥着至关重要的作用,有助于癌症免疫监视。越来越多的证据表明,NK细胞功能受表观遗传机制调控,包括长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)的影响。这些lncRNA是长度超过200个核苷酸的转录本,正成为基因表达的重要调节因子。在本研究中,我们调查了浸润性乳腺癌患者外周血分离出的NK细胞中84种lncRNA的表达情况。通过lncRNA PCR阵列分析,我们在乳腺癌患者外周血分离出的循环NK细胞中鉴定出26种差异表达的lncRNA,其中10个基因显著下调,16个基因显著上调。基因本体(GO)和功能富集分析显示,在10个下调的lncRNA中,有4个lncRNA具有已注释的基因本体术语和已知生物学功能。这些lncRNA分别是PTENP1-AS(倍数变化0.27,P = 0.0206)、TSIX(倍数变化0.05,P = 0.0037)、XIST(倍数变化0.42,P = 0.007)和CCAT1(倍数变化0.09,P = 0.0191)。另一方面,在16个上调的lncRNA中,有5个lncRNA具有已注释的基因本体术语和已知生物学功能。这些lncRNA分别是GNAS-AS1(倍数变化5.10,P = 0.0104)、MEG3(倍数变化46.85,P = 0.0138)、CDKN2B-AS1(倍数变化81.80,P = 0.0087)、HOTAIR(倍数变化6.86,P = 0.0042)和AIRN(倍数变化7.97,P = 0.0379)。功能富集分析表明,下调的lncRNA主要参与染色质组织、基因表达的表观遗传调控以及通过X染色体失活进行的剂量补偿等生物学过程,而上调的lncRNA则与表观遗传调控、基因组印记和染色质重塑相关。这些富集是使用Bonferroni校正并调整P值<0.05来确定的。鉴于乳腺癌患者NK细胞中失调的lncRNA的生物学功能,这有可能显著影响NK细胞的抗肿瘤功能,可能导致乳腺癌患者中常见的免疫监视受损和肿瘤控制不佳。了解NK细胞中lncRNA的失调可能为乳腺癌中NK细胞功能受损的潜在机制提供关键见解,为开发旨在恢复癌症患者NK细胞活性的免疫疗法提供有前景的方法。