Elhüseyni Rukiye, Çalışkan Melike, Yılmaz Baran Nuray, Baran Talat
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey.
Department of Chemistry Technology, Technical Vocational School, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Sep;322(Pt 2):146546. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.146546. Epub 2025 Aug 7.
The increased use of toxic organic pollutants, such as organic dyes and nitroaromatics, in various industrial applications has led to their leak into wastewater. The inability to remove these toxic pollutants, which are non-biodegradable and stable, from wastewater poses a threat to many living organisms, from human health to the environment. Therefore, the effective removal of these pollutants from water/wastewater is crucial. In this study, we designed heterogeneous catalyst system composed of palladium nanoparticles decorated on sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel beads reinforced with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and FeO for the catalytic elimination of organic dyes (methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and rhodamine B (RhB)) and nitroaromatics (p-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (p-NPDA), (p-nitroaniline (p-NA), p-nitrophenol (p-NP), and o-nitroaniline (o-NA)). Morphological and structural confirmation of Pd@SA/β-CD/FeO was conducted using TEM, FE-SEM, FT-IR, EDS, BET, TG, and XRD analyses. FE-SEM and TEM analyses confirmed that the prepared Pd NPs had a spherical shape with a particle size of 10 nm, while EDS, BET, TG, FT-IR, and XRD analyses confirmed their magnetic properties and chemical structure. The catalytic capability of Pd@SA/β-CD/FeO was then evaluated for the reduction of MO, MB, RhB, p-NA, p-NP, o-NA, and p-NPDA using NaBH, and the reductions were monitored by UV-Vis analyses. Pd@SA/β-CD/FeO with 10 nm particle size served as an effective nanocatalyst, facilitating the reduction of these contaminants within a short reaction time (0-105 s). Kinetic studies were conducted, and the rate constants (k) were determined as 0.009 s for p-NP, 0.022 s for o-NA, 0.012 s for p-NPDA, 0.018 s for p-NA, 0.054 s for RhB, and 0.01 s for MO. Thanks to its magnetic nature, Pd@SA/β-CD/FeO was easily recovered and reused up to six cycles, affirming its potential as a practical, economical, and sustainable catalyst.
各种工业应用中有毒有机污染物（如有机染料和硝基芳烃）的使用增加，导致它们泄漏到废水中。无法从废水中去除这些不可生物降解且稳定的有毒污染物，对从人类健康到环境的许多生物构成威胁。因此，从水/废水中有效去除这些污染物至关重要。在本研究中，我们设计了一种非均相催化剂体系，该体系由负载在海藻酸钠（SA）水凝胶珠上的钯纳米颗粒组成，SA水凝胶珠用β-环糊精（β-CD）和FeO增强，用于催化消除有机染料（亚甲基蓝（MB）、甲基橙（MO）和罗丹明B（RhB））和硝基芳烃（对硝基邻苯二胺（p-NPDA）、对硝基苯胺（p-NA）、对硝基苯酚（p-NP）和邻硝基苯胺（o-NA））。使用透射电子显微镜（TEM）､场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）､傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）､能谱分析（EDS）､比表面积分析（BET）､热重分析（TG）和X射线衍射（XRD）分析对Pd@SA/β-CD/FeO进行形态和结构确认。FE-SEM和TEM分析证实，制备的钯纳米颗粒呈球形，粒径为10nm，而EDS、BET、TG、FT-IR和XRD分析证实了它们的磁性和化学结构。然后使用硼氢化钠（NaBH）评估Pd@SA/β-CD/FeO对MO、MB、RhB、p-NA、p-NP、o-NA和p-NPDA的还原催化能力，并通过紫外-可见分析监测还原过程。粒径为10nm的Pd@SA/β-CD/FeO作为一种有效的纳米催化剂，在短反应时间（0-105秒）内促进了这些污染物的还原。进行了动力学研究，确定对硝基苯酚（p-NP）的速率常数（k）为0.009 s，邻硝基苯胺（o-NA）为0.022 s，对硝基邻苯二胺（p-NPDA）为0.012 s，对硝基苯胺（p-NA）为0.018 s，罗丹明B（RhB）为0.054 s，甲基橙（MO）为0.01 s。由于其磁性，Pd@SA/β-CD/FeO易于回收并重复使用多达六个循环，证实了其作为实用、经济和可持续催化剂的潜力。
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