Liu Peng, Li Jiaoyang, Hong Liangyi, Zou Huimin, Zhou Xingyan, Zhang Xin, Zhou Yan, Lee Hian Kee, Huang Zhenzhen
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
J Chromatogr A. 2025 Oct 11;1760:466261. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2025.466261. Epub 2025 Aug 5.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a group of synthetic chemicals that have been produced for over fifty years, are of significant concern due to their widespread environmental distribution and potential risks to human health. The transition from legacy PFAS to emerging PFAS with shorter chains and unknown structures has further amplified existing challenges in their analysis. A variety of reliable and sensitive analytical methods is available to analyze these contaminants in various biological and environmental matrices. However, current research on PFAS lacks a unified standard for their determination and there is limited guidance on selecting appropriate methods to address specific analytical challenges. In this review, up-to-date analytical methods for PFAS detection based on chromatography and mass spectrometry in the recent literature are reviewed. The survey covers (i) a discussion of the advantages, limitations, and scope of application of various sample preparation methods for PFAS analysis, (ii) recent advances in chromatographic separation and mass spectrometry with respect to targeted and non-targeted analysis, and (iii) progress in the analysis of PFAS in complex sample matrices, including a wide range of environmental and biological samples. While liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry has been the mainstay technique in most of the studies covered, greater efforts are needed to develop newer methods to deal with not only the legacy compounds but also emerging ones. A wide range of biological and environmental matrices also needs to be identified and considered in future analytical and sample preparation developmental work.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是一类已生产了五十多年的合成化学品，由于其在环境中广泛分布以及对人类健康的潜在风险，备受关注。从具有较长链和已知结构的传统PFAS向具有较短链和未知结构的新兴PFAS的转变，进一步加剧了其分析方面现有的挑战。有多种可靠且灵敏的分析方法可用于分析各种生物和环境基质中的这些污染物。然而，目前关于PFAS的研究缺乏统一的测定标准，在选择合适方法应对特定分析挑战方面的指导也很有限。在本综述中，对近期文献中基于色谱和质谱的PFAS检测最新分析方法进行了综述。该综述涵盖：（i）对PFAS分析各种样品制备方法的优点、局限性和应用范围的讨论；（ii）色谱分离和质谱在靶向和非靶向分析方面的最新进展；（iii）复杂样品基质中PFAS分析的进展，包括各种环境和生物样品。虽然液相色谱 - 质谱在大多数所涵盖的研究中一直是主要技术，但仍需要做出更大努力来开发更新的方法，以处理不仅是传统化合物，还有新兴化合物。在未来的分析和样品制备开发工作中，还需要识别和考虑广泛的生物和环境基质。
