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小儿神经母细胞瘤的治疗创新：从产前到幼儿期的年龄和阶段特异性策略——一篇综述文章

Therapeutic Innovation in Pediatric Neuroblastoma: Age and Stage-Specific Strategies from Prenatal to Early Childhood-A Review Article.

作者信息

Jenabzade Alireza, Alavi Samin, Aminasnafi Ali

机构信息

Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Department of pediatric hematology oncology, Research Development Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

出版信息

Iran J Child Neurol. 2025 Jun 25;19(3):9-29. doi: 10.22037/ijcn.v19i3.48040. eCollection 2025 Summer.

DOI:10.22037/ijcn.v19i3.48040
PMID:40787276
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12330968/
Abstract

Neuroblastoma is one of the most common pediatric cancers, predominantly affecting young children. Despite progress in initial treatments, high-risk cases remain challenging due to frequent relapse or resistance, with long-term survival for relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma below 20%. This highlights an urgent need for novel therapies. Emerging approaches such as GD2-targeted immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies like dinutuximab, CAR-T cell therapy, 131I-MIBG and Lutetium-177-Dotatate radionuclide treatments, metronomic chemotherapy, oncolytic virotherapy, and tailored chemotherapy are showing promise, with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) becoming integral to multimodal regimens. However, challenges persist, including treatment-related toxicity, tumor resistance, and the logistical limitations of personalized medicine. The future of neuroblastoma treatment lies in exploiting genomic profiling, biomarkers, and combinatorial strategies like immunotherapy paired with radionuclide therapy. Rigorous clinical trials will be key to refining these innovations and establishing protocols for widespread use. In summary, advancements in therapy offer hope, yet achieving durable remissions and improved survival still demands intensive research innovation to address current gaps and resistance mechanisms in this complex pediatric malignancy.

摘要

神经母细胞瘤是最常见的儿童癌症之一，主要影响幼儿。尽管初始治疗取得了进展，但高危病例由于频繁复发或耐药性，仍然具有挑战性，复发或难治性神经母细胞瘤的长期生存率低于20%。这凸显了对新型疗法的迫切需求。诸如使用地努图希单抗等单克隆抗体进行的GD2靶向免疫疗法、嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T）疗法、131I-间碘苄胍（MIBG）和镥-177-奥曲肽放射性核素治疗、节拍化疗、溶瘤病毒疗法以及个性化化疗等新兴方法显示出前景，自体干细胞移植（ASCT）已成为多模式治疗方案不可或缺的一部分。然而，挑战依然存在，包括治疗相关毒性、肿瘤耐药性以及个性化医疗的后勤限制。神经母细胞瘤治疗的未来在于利用基因组分析、生物标志物以及免疫疗法与放射性核素疗法等联合策略。严格的临床试验将是完善这些创新并建立广泛应用方案的关键。总之，治疗方面的进展带来了希望，但要实现持久缓解和提高生存率，仍需要深入的研究创新来解决这种复杂儿童恶性肿瘤当前存在的差距和耐药机制。

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本文引用的文献

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Treatment of High-Risk Neuroblastoma.高危神经母细胞瘤的治疗
Children (Basel). 2023 Jul 28;10(8):1302. doi: 10.3390/children10081302.
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GD2-CART01 for Relapsed or Refractory High-Risk Neuroblastoma.GD2-CART01 治疗复发/难治高危神经母细胞瘤。
N Engl J Med. 2023 Apr 6;388(14):1284-1295. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2210859.
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Multimodality treatment for recurrent neuroblastoma in the central nervous system.中枢神经系统复发性神经母细胞瘤的多模态治疗。
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Front Oncol. 2022 Dec 23;12:1041443. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1041443. eCollection 2022.
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Induction Regimen in High-Risk Neuroblastoma: A Pilot Study of Highly Effective Continuous Exposure of Tumor Cells to Radio-Chemotherapy Sequence for 1 Month. The Critical Role of Iodine-131-Metaiodobenzylguanidine.高危神经母细胞瘤的诱导方案：一项关于肿瘤细胞连续1个月高效暴露于放化疗序列的初步研究。碘-131-间碘苄胍的关键作用。
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Cyclic Metronomic Chemotherapy for Pediatric Tumors: Six Case Reports and a Review of the Literature.小儿肿瘤的周期性节拍化疗：6例病例报告及文献综述
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High-Risk and Relapsed Neuroblastoma: Toward More Cures and Better Outcomes.高危神经母细胞瘤和复发性神经母细胞瘤：追求更高的治愈率和更好的预后。
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How we approach the treatment of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma with naxitamab: experience from the Hospital Sant Joan de Déu in Barcelona, Spain.我们如何治疗高危神经母细胞瘤患者使用那昔妥单抗：来自西班牙巴塞罗那圣十字德贡德医院的经验。
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A Phase II Trial of a Personalized, Dose-Intense Administration Schedule of Lutetium-DOTATATE in Children With Primary Refractory or Relapsed High-Risk Neuroblastoma-LuDO-N.一项针对原发性难治性或复发性高危神经母细胞瘤患儿的镥-奥曲肽个性化高剂量给药方案的II期试验-LuDO-N。
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Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Jan 28;101(4):e28716. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028716.