Monte Luciana de Freitas Velloso, Diniz Ana Luiza Rosa, Salviano Cristiane Feitosa, Júnior Agenor de Castro Moreira Dos Santos, Camargo Ricardo, Magalhães Isis Maria Quezado, Carvalho Elisa de, Tiziani Valdenize
Hospital da Criança de Brasília José Alencar, Brasília, Brazil
Universidade Católica de Brasília, Taguatinga Norte, Brazil.
BMJ Paediatr Open. 2025 Aug 11;9(1):e003392. doi: 10.1136/bmjpo-2025-003392.
The humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 is not fully understood, especially in children. This study provides valuable insights into the durability of adaptive immunity in paediatric patients who were unvaccinated and naturally infected with the prototype strain of SARS-CoV-2, including those who were asymptomatic or had pre-existing chronic and rare disorders. This study aimed to analyse the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 during infection and over a 1-year follow-up period in patients aged 0-18 years who were admitted to a tertiary paediatric hospital at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
This is a descriptive, prospective 1-year cohort study carried out in children and adolescents hospitalised for different reasons from July to October 2020 who presented with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical and serological data (total antibody pool) were collected during SARS-CoV-2 infection and throughout the subsequent year.
During the study period, 122 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Most patients (85%) had at least one serology assessed and reactive throughout 1-year follow-up, even those with asymptomatic infection or immunosuppressive conditions. The mean antibody titre levels reached their maximum value about 60 days after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. By the end of the 1-year follow-up, 72.46% of the 69 assessed individuals still had detectable serum antibodies. Patients with comorbidities and/or immunosuppression conditions had lower median titre levels over the year. Subjects with severe clinical presentation of COVID-19 had higher levels of antibody values at the 1-year time point assessment.
This study demonstrated that most subjects presented antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 over 1 year of follow-up, even if they had asymptomatic infection or comorbidities, including patients with immunosuppression. There was a difference in the magnitude and duration of antibody response, lower in patients with comorbidities and longer and higher in subjects who had severe COVID-19 clinical presentation.
对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的体液免疫反应尚未完全明确，尤其是在儿童中。本研究为未接种疫苗且自然感染SARS-CoV-2原型株的儿科患者的适应性免疫持久性提供了有价值的见解，这些患者包括无症状或患有既往慢性和罕见疾病的患者。本研究旨在分析在新冠疫情初期入住一家三级儿科医院的0至18岁患者在感染期间及1年随访期内对SARS-CoV-2的抗体反应。
这是一项描述性、前瞻性队列研究，于2020年7月至10月对因不同原因住院且感染SARS-CoV-2的儿童和青少年进行。在SARS-CoV-2感染期间及随后的一整年收集临床和血清学数据（总抗体库）。
在研究期间，纳入了122例确诊SARS-CoV-2感染的患者。大多数患者（85%）在1年随访期间至少进行了一次血清学检测且呈阳性反应，即使是无症状感染或免疫抑制状态的患者。初次感染SARS-CoV-2后约60天，抗体滴度水平达到最大值。在1年随访结束时，69例接受评估的个体中有72.46%的人血清抗体仍可检测到。合并症和/或免疫抑制状态的患者在这一年中的抗体滴度中位数水平较低。新冠临床症状严重的受试者在1年时间点评估时抗体值水平较高。
本研究表明，大多数受试者在1年随访期间对SARS-CoV-2呈现抗体反应，即使他们有无症状感染或合并症，包括免疫抑制患者。抗体反应的强度和持续时间存在差异，合并症患者较低，新冠临床症状严重的受试者则持续时间更长且水平更高。
