补充益生菌对血清脑源性神经营养因子水平的影响：基于GRADE的剂量反应荟萃分析。

Impact of probiotic supplementation on serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor: GRADE-based dose-response meta-analysis.

作者信息

Hashemi Reza, Raouf Mohammad M Hussein M, Salih Tanya S, Feyzpour Marzieh, Eskandarioun Maryam, Nezamabadipour Najmeh, Gandomkar Hossein

机构信息

Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Knowledge university, Erbil 44001, Iraq.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Applied Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

出版信息

BMC Nutr. 2025 Aug 11;11(1):161. doi: 10.1186/s40795-025-01152-9.

DOI:10.1186/s40795-025-01152-9

PMID:40790243

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12337545/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key neurotrophin involved in neuroplasticity and cognitive function, with its dysregulation linked to neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Probiotics, through the gut-brain axis, may modulate BDNF levels, but evidence remains inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on serum BDNF levels and explore dose-response relationships.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, searching PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and Embase up to April 2025, following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD420251036851). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults (≥ 18 years) with a minimum 2-week probiotic intervention and reported BDNF levels were included. A random-effects model calculated weighted mean differences (WMDs), and fractional polynomial modeling assessed non-linear dose-response relationships. Heterogeneity, publication bias, and evidence quality (GRADE) were evaluated.

RESULTS

From 20 RCTs ( = 2372 participants), probiotic supplementation significantly increased serum BDNF levels (WMD = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.11–0.26; < 0.001), with high heterogeneity (I²=96%, < 0.001). Subgroup analysis identified longer follow-up duration (> 10 weeks) as a heterogeneity source (WMD = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.13–2.26; I²=46%). A significant non-linear association was found between treatment duration and BDNF levels (Pnonlinearity = 0.02), but not dosage (Pnonlinearity = 0.277). No significant publication bias was detected (Begg’s = 0.15; Egger’s = 0.29). Evidence quality was very low per GRADE.

CONCLUSIONS

Probiotic supplementation increases serum BDNF levels, particularly with prolonged interventions (> 10 weeks), suggesting its potential as an adjunctive therapy for BDNF-related disorders, warranting further high-quality research.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER

Not applicable.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-025-01152-9.

摘要

背景

脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）是参与神经可塑性和认知功能的关键神经营养因子，其失调与神经退行性疾病和精神疾病有关。益生菌可通过肠-脑轴调节BDNF水平，但证据仍不一致。本荟萃分析旨在评估补充益生菌对血清BDNF水平的影响，并探索剂量反应关系。

方法

我们按照PRISMA指南（PROSPERO：CRD420251036851）进行了系统评价和荟萃分析，检索了截至2025年4月的PubMed、Scopus、Cochrane Central、Web of Science和Embase。纳入了涉及成年人（≥18岁）、进行至少2周益生菌干预并报告了BDNF水平的随机对照试验（RCT）。采用随机效应模型计算加权平均差（WMD），并使用分数多项式模型评估非线性剂量反应关系。评估了异质性、发表偏倚和证据质量（GRADE）。

结果

从20项RCT（n = 2372名参与者）中发现，补充益生菌显著提高了血清BDNF水平（WMD = 0.18，95%CI：0.11 - 0.26；P < 0.001），异质性较高（I² = 96%，P < 0.001）。亚组分析确定随访时间较长（> 10周）是异质性来源（WMD = 1.69，95%CI：1.13 - 2.26；I² = 46%）。发现治疗持续时间与BDNF水平之间存在显著的非线性关联（P非线性 = 0.02），但剂量与BDNF水平之间无显著关联（P非线性 = 0.277）。未检测到显著的发表偏倚（Begg's P = 0.15；Egger's P = 0.29）。根据GRADE，证据质量非常低。