Gao Yihong, Wang Wenhao, Yue Xiao, Wang Guanlin, Zhang Kaiqing, Wu Chuanbin, Zhao Ziyu, Huang Zhengwei, Zhang Xuejuan
College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
Drug Deliv. 2025 Dec;32(1):2544683. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2025.2544683. Epub 2025 Aug 11.
Pulmonary infection is a serious public health challenge with high morbidity and mortality. The employment of antibiotics is the first-line treatment for pulmonary infections, while other novel anti-infection agents, such as antimicrobial peptides, have also been developed due to the emergence of drug resistance. Recently, inhalable nanoparticle-based delivery systems have garnered significant attention for the delivery of anti-infection agents, which possess great advantages like high lung accumulations and precise delivery performances. However, the respiratory physiological structure, mucus and biofilm have been considered as the barriers that nanoparticle drug delivery systems facing, which compromise the therapeutic effects. In this integrative review, recent advances in the inhalable nanoparticle-based delivery system were introduced. In addition, we focused on the biological characteristics of these barriers and discussed effective strategies to overcome the obstacles, including precise deposition in the lower respiratory tract infection site, effective penetration of mucus and breaking of the biofilm barrier. To sum up, this review aimed to deepen the understanding of the fate of anti-infective nanoformulations in pulmonary delivery and find effective strategies to address the barriers, thus providing new insights for the development of pulmonary delivery systems against pulmonary infections.
肺部感染是一项严峻的公共卫生挑战，发病率和死亡率都很高。抗生素的使用是肺部感染的一线治疗方法，而由于耐药性的出现，其他新型抗感染药物，如抗菌肽，也已被研发出来。最近，基于可吸入纳米颗粒的递送系统在抗感染药物递送方面受到了广泛关注，这类系统具有肺部蓄积率高和递送性能精准等巨大优势。然而，呼吸生理结构、黏液和生物膜被认为是纳米颗粒药物递送系统面临的障碍，这些障碍会削弱治疗效果。在这篇综合综述中，介绍了基于可吸入纳米颗粒的递送系统的最新进展。此外，我们重点关注了这些障碍的生物学特性，并讨论了克服这些障碍的有效策略，包括在呼吸道感染部位的精准沉积、有效穿透黏液以及突破生物膜屏障。总之，本综述旨在加深对抗感染纳米制剂在肺部递送中命运的理解，并找到应对这些障碍的有效策略，从而为开发针对肺部感染的肺部递送系统提供新的见解。
