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一种原钙黏蛋白介导被囊动物玻璃海鞘口腔基板的细胞间黏附和完整性。

A protocadherin mediates cell-cell adhesion and integrity of the oral placode in the tunicate Ciona.

作者信息

Vedurupaka Sriikhar, Jadali Bita, Johnson Christopher J, Stolfi Alberto, Popsuj Sydney

出版信息

bioRxiv. 2025 Jul 14:2025.07.11.664433. doi: 10.1101/2025.07.11.664433.

Abstract

In chordate embryos, placodes are ectodermal thickenings around the borders of the neural plate that give rise to various sensory organs and cell types. While generally thought to be a vertebrate-specific innovation, homologous placodes are proposed to exist in non-vertebrate chordates as well. In a solitary tunicate, the adult mouth (the oral siphon) is derived from one such "cranial-like" placode in the larva, which we term the oral siphon placode (OSP). At embryonic and larval stages, the OSP consists of a small rosette of cells that forms from the neuropore at the anteriormost extent of neural tube closure. While the morphogenesis of the OSP and its physical separation from other surface ectoderm structures have been described in detail, how this is regulated at the molecular level is currently unknown. Here we show the involvement of protocadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion in the segregation and structural cohesiveness of the OSP. ( ) is expressed specifically in the OSP but not in other surface ectoderm cells. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of in these cells results in loss of OSP structural integrity and ability to physically separate from other structures derived from the same cell lineage. Overexpression of throughout the anterior surface ectoderm results in similar loss of a physically separate and distinct OSP territory. Furthermore, we show that expession in the OSP depends on oral placode-specific transcription factors such as Six1/2 and Pitx. Our results suggest that OSP integrity and morphogenesis require precise regulation of a homotypic cell-cell adhesion molecule, which might reflect a conserved mechanism for placode formation in chordates.

摘要

在脊索动物胚胎中,基板是神经板边缘的外胚层增厚部分,可产生各种感觉器官和细胞类型。虽然通常认为这是脊椎动物特有的创新,但也有人提出非脊椎动物脊索动物中也存在同源基板。在独居被囊动物中,成体口(口吸管)源自幼虫中的一个这样的“颅样”基板,我们将其称为口吸管基板(OSP)。在胚胎和幼虫阶段,OSP由一小群细胞组成的玫瑰花结构成,这些细胞从神经管闭合最前端的神经孔形成。虽然已经详细描述了OSP的形态发生及其与其他表面外胚层结构的物理分离,但目前尚不清楚这在分子水平上是如何调控的。在这里,我们展示了原钙黏蛋白介导的细胞间黏附在OSP的分离和结构黏附性中的作用。( )在OSP中特异性表达,但在其他表面外胚层细胞中不表达。CRISPR/Cas9介导的这些细胞中( )的破坏导致OSP结构完整性丧失以及与来自同一细胞谱系的其他结构物理分离的能力丧失。在整个前表面外胚层中过表达( )会导致物理上分离且不同的OSP区域同样丧失。此外,我们表明OSP中( )的表达依赖于口基板特异性转录因子,如Six1/2和Pitx。我们的结果表明,OSP的完整性和形态发生需要对同型细胞间黏附分子进行精确调控,这可能反映了脊索动物中基板形成的保守机制。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9afe/12338503/372d8584f133/nihpp-2025.07.11.664433v1-f0001.jpg

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