Saddle Nose in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (GPA) vs. Non-GPA Patients With Septal Perforations.

OBJECTIVES

Saddle nose deformity (SND) can be associated with nasal septal perforation (NSP). Both SND and NSP are observed in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) patients. This study aimed to compare the prevalence and severity of SND in GPA vs. non-GPA patients with NSP.

METHODOLOGY

NSP patients who visited tertiary rhinology or facial plastic surgery clinics from January 2010 through December 2023 were grouped into GPA and non-GPA cohorts. The area of NSP, SND incidence, and SND severity (Daniel and Brenner's classification) were compared between the cohorts.

RESULTS

Of 168 patients identified with NSP, 18 had GPA and 150 had non-GPA diagnoses. Twelve GPA patients and 10 non-GPA patients had SND. The odds ratio for SND association in GPA patients with NSP vs. non-GPA patients was 31.3 (95% CI: 9.5-102.9), and 19.4 (95% CI: 4.3-87.7) after controlling for the NSP area. GPA patients with SND had a larger NSP area (median 670 mm, IQR: 315.5-1061.3) compared to non-GPA patients with SND (175.3 mm, 113.1-204.1;  < 0.001). The severity of SND was similar between GPA and the non-GPA group ( = 0.09). The area of NSP did not predict the severity of SND ( = 0.17).

CONCLUSION

GPA diagnosis was associated with larger NSPs and a higher risk of SND compared to non-GPA etiologies; however, the severity of saddling did not differ between GPA and non-GPA etiologies. GPA is an independent risk factor associated with SND irrespective of the size of septal perforation. The NSP area did not predict the severity of SND. 4.