Kim Taewoo, Herrera Bobby Brooke, Chaplin Beth, Naito-Keoho Kailee, Ogwuche Jerry, Sagay Atiene S, Chang Charlotte Ajeong, Hamel Donald J, Wang Wei-Kung, Kanki Phyllis J
Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, and Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University; Rutgers Global Health Institute, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Emerg Microbes Infect. 2025 Dec;14(1):2544720. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2025.2544720. Epub 2025 Aug 21.
Yellow fever virus (YFV) and West Nile virus (WNV) co-circulate with other arboviruses, including Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), in sub-Saharan Africa. Associations between preexisting YFV and WNV immunity with symptoms and adverse infant outcomes among pregnant women exposed to orthoflaviviruses are unknown. We retrospectively studied a prospective cohort of pregnant women enrolled between 2019 and 2022 in Jos, Nigeria. Rapid tests identified ZIKV, DENV, and CHIKV IgM/IgG reactivity for enrolment; 216 women underwent Western blot for YFV and WNV IgG. Logistic regression evaluated associations between arboviral seropositivity and maternal symptoms or adverse infant outcomes. Sequential serology of mother-infant pairs estimated the persistence of passively transferred maternal YFV antibodies. YFV IgG was detected in 50.5% (109/216) and WNV IgG in 5.1% (11/216) of maternal samples. YFV and WNV seropositivity was significantly associated with maternal symptoms (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.35-3.02, = 0.001), as was YFV seropositivity alone (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.21-2.61, < 0.004). CHIKV IgM reactivity was significantly associated with abnormal infant outcomes (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.43-4.02, = 0.001), but not ZIKV and DENV IgM reactivity. Passive maternal YFV IgG waned in infants at a median of 3.1 months (IQR: 1.65-5.35 months) after birth. YFV and WNV seropositivity was associated with maternal symptoms but not with adverse infant outcomes. Rapid waning of maternal YFV IgG highlights infant vulnerability and supports enhanced surveillance and maternal immunization strategies.
在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，黄热病病毒（YFV）和西尼罗河病毒（WNV）与包括寨卡病毒（ZIKV）、登革热病毒（DENV）和基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）在内的其他虫媒病毒共同传播。既往YFV和WNV免疫力与暴露于正黄病毒的孕妇的症状及不良婴儿结局之间的关联尚不清楚。我们对2019年至2022年期间在尼日利亚乔斯市招募的一组孕妇进行了回顾性研究。通过快速检测确定入组孕妇的ZIKV、DENV和CHIKV IgM/IgG反应性；216名妇女接受了YFV和WNV IgG的蛋白质印迹检测。逻辑回归评估了虫媒病毒血清阳性与母亲症状或不良婴儿结局之间的关联。母婴对的序贯血清学检测估计了被动转移的母体YFV抗体的持续时间。在50.5%（109/216）的母体样本中检测到YFV IgG，在5.1%（11/216）的样本中检测到WNV IgG。YFV和WNV血清阳性与母亲症状显著相关（OR = 2.02，95% CI：1.35 - 3.02，P = 0.001），单独的YFV血清阳性也是如此（OR = 1.77，95% CI：1.21 - 2.61，P < 0.004）。CHIKV IgM反应性与异常婴儿结局显著相关（OR = 2.38，95% CI：1.43 - 4.02，P = 0.001），但ZIKV和DENV IgM反应性与异常婴儿结局无关。出生后，母体被动转移的YFV IgG在婴儿体内的半衰期为3.1个月（IQR：1.65 - 5.35个月）。YFV和WNV血清阳性与母亲症状相关，但与不良婴儿结局无关。母体YFV IgG的快速衰减凸显了婴儿的脆弱性，并支持加强监测和母体免疫策略。
