Hashim Arshya, Tawdar Prajwal, Fatima Faria
Department of Biotechnology, Commerce and Science College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Arts, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Department of Agriculture, Integral Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2025 Aug 12. doi: 10.1007/s12010-025-05350-w.
The increasing environmental pollution caused by synthetic dyes such as Congo red, malachite green, and methylene blue poses significant ecological and health risks due to their toxicity and recalcitrant nature. Traditional methods of dye degradation, including physical and chemical treatments, are often costly and generate secondary pollutants. In response to these challenges, biological approaches, particularly the use of plant extracts, offer a promising alternative due to their eco-effective and cost-effective characteristics. This study explores the potential of the aqueous extract of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Linn in the degradation of Congo red, malachite green, and methylene blue dyes. The phytochemical analysis of aqueous extract of P. maderaspatensis Linn revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds. The UV-Visible spectra of all the three dyes' degradation with time were seen maximum at specific wavelengths. Also, Congo red > methylene blue > malachite green showed the removal of dyes with variation in pH, time, and temperature. Experimental procedures involved treating dye solutions with varying concentrations of the plant extract under controlled conditions. The percentage of inhibition was calculated at regular intervals of time (1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 24 h) at 80% aqueous extract solution with 95% Congo red dye degradation followed by malachite green and methylene blue. The results demonstrated significant decolorization and degradation of the dyes, with degradation rates exceeding 80% for all three dyes within 24 h. Furthermore, the experiment phytotoxicity test was performed and showed that the Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Linn aqueous extract was effective on Phaseolus vulgaris and Cicer arietinum to determine toxicity of dye on seedling growth and seed germination. The dye treated with 80% of plant extract showed higher germination percentage than the untreated dye. The study concludes that the aqueous extract of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis exhibits substantial potential for degrading synthetic dyes, attributed to the synergistic action of its phytochemicals.
由刚果红、孔雀石绿和亚甲基蓝等合成染料造成的环境污染日益严重，因其毒性和难降解性，对生态和健康构成了重大风险。传统的染料降解方法，包括物理和化学处理，往往成本高昂且会产生二次污染物。为应对这些挑战，生物方法，特别是植物提取物的使用，因其具有生态效益和成本效益的特点，提供了一种有前景的替代方案。本研究探讨了麻疯树水提取物在降解刚果红、孔雀石绿和亚甲基蓝染料方面的潜力。对麻疯树水提取物的植物化学分析表明，其中存在黄酮类化合物、单宁、皂苷、生物碱和酚类化合物。随着时间的推移，所有三种染料降解的紫外可见光谱在特定波长处出现最大值。此外，刚果红＞亚甲基蓝＞孔雀石绿表明，随着pH值、时间和温度的变化，染料的去除情况有所不同。实验步骤包括在受控条件下用不同浓度的植物提取物处理染料溶液。在80%水提取物溶液中，以95%的刚果红染料降解率，随后是孔雀石绿和亚甲基蓝，在不同时间间隔（1、2、3、4、7、24小时）计算抑制百分比。结果表明，染料有显著的脱色和降解，所有三种染料在24小时内的降解率均超过80%。此外，进行了实验植物毒性测试，结果表明麻疯树水提取物对菜豆和鹰嘴豆有效，以确定染料对幼苗生长和种子萌发的毒性。用80%植物提取物处理的染料显示出比未处理染料更高的发芽率。该研究得出结论，麻疯树水提取物在降解合成染料方面具有巨大潜力，这归因于其植物化学物质的协同作用。
