Fontanela Marco Aurélio Camargo, Moresco Marina, Serighelli-Júnior Gilberto, Machado Marcello, Montiani-Ferreira Fabiano, Moreno Juan Carlos Duque
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Federal University of Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Vet Anaesth Analg. 2025 Jul 22. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.07.007.
To compare dye spread after injection in the quadratus lumborum plane (QLP) via transmuscular and lateral approaches with different volumes in canine cadavers.
Cadaveric, experimental, prospective study.
A group of 58 canine cadavers.
Cadavers were classified by body mass as small (S, < 10 kg), medium (M, 10-20 kg) or large (L, > 20 kg). Morphometric data (mass, body condition score, axial length, abdominal and thoracic circumference) were recorded. Ultrasound-guided QLP injections with 0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 mL kg of 0.1% methylene blue were performed via transmuscular or lateral approaches on both hemiabdomens. Craniocaudal and dorsoventral dye spread, the number of stained ventral branches of thoracolumbar spinal nerves (VBSNs) and whether the sympathetic trunk was stained were evaluated. Technique and dissection times, along with visibility scores for reference structures, needle and the injected solution within the QLP were recorded. Statistical analysis included two-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests, with significance set at p < 0.050.
Morphometric variables influenced only the craniocaudal spread (p < 0.001). Craniocaudal spread did not differ significantly between approaches (p = 0.766) but was significantly influenced by volume (p < 0.002). However, greater craniocaudal spread did not result in an increased number of stained VBSNs (p = 0.488). The number of VBSNs stained was lower with 0.15 mL kg (p < 0.013), with no differences observed between 0.3 and 0.6 mL kg (p = 0.488). The most frequently stained VBSNs were L2, L3 and L1, in that order.
There were no significant differences in dye spread between transmuscular and lateral approaches. Injectate volume affects spread, but volumes > 0.3 mL kg do not increase the number of stained VBSNs. Morphometric variables do not affect the number of stained VBSNs.
在犬类尸体中，比较经肌肉和外侧入路在不同体积下向腰方肌平面（QLP）注射染料后的扩散情况。
尸体、实验性、前瞻性研究。
一组58具犬类尸体。
根据体重将尸体分为小型（S，<10 kg）、中型（M，10 - 20 kg）或大型（L，>20 kg）。记录形态学数据（体重、身体状况评分、轴向长度、腹围和胸围）。通过经肌肉或外侧入路，在双侧半腹部以0.15、0.3和0.6 mL/kg的0.1%亚甲蓝进行超声引导下的QLP注射。评估染料在头侧尾侧和背侧腹侧的扩散情况、胸腰段脊神经腹侧支（VBSNs）染色的数量以及交感干是否被染色。记录技术和解剖时间，以及QLP内参考结构、针头和注射溶液的可视性评分。统计分析包括双向方差分析、Kruskal - Wallis检验、Pearson相关性分析和多元回归检验，显著性设定为p < 0.050。
形态学变量仅影响头侧尾侧扩散（p < 0.001）。入路之间的头侧尾侧扩散无显著差异（p = 0.766），但受体积显著影响（p < 0.002）。然而，更大的头侧尾侧扩散并未导致染色的VBSNs数量增加（p = 0.488）。0.15 mL/kg时染色的VBSNs数量较低（p < 0.013），0.3和0.6 mL/kg之间未观察到差异（p = 0.488）。最常被染色的VBSNs依次为L2、L3和L1。
经肌肉和外侧入路之间染料扩散无显著差异。注射体积影响扩散，但体积>0.3 mL/kg不会增加染色的VBSNs数量。形态学变量不影响染色的VBSNs数量。
