Abdou Alexander, Spector Eli, Sidhu Sonam, Agrawal Devendra K
Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91766, USA.
J Orthop Sports Med. 2025;7(2):199-209. doi: 10.26502/josm.511500196. Epub 2025 Apr 21.
Spastic cerebral palsy (CP) frequently results in lower extremity musculoskeletal complications that cause disabling mobility loss and reduced quality of life. This review consolidates current understanding of these common complications, encompassing bony deformities (e.g., scoliosis, femoral anteversion, patella alta, ankle equinus), joint changes due to spasticity and contractures (e.g., hip subluxation, knee flexion contractures), spinal degeneration (e.g., cervical stenosis, lumbosacral spondylolisthesis), and neurologic dysfunction manifesting as pain and weakness. These pathologies are generally progressive, driven by impaired motor control, muscle spasticity, and shortened muscle-tendon units. By providing a comprehensive framework, this paper highlights the critical points facilitating a healthcare provider to recognize and understand these complications, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes.
痉挛型脑瘫（CP）常导致下肢肌肉骨骼并发症，造成致残性活动能力丧失和生活质量下降。本综述综合了目前对这些常见并发症的认识，包括骨骼畸形（如脊柱侧弯、股骨前倾、高位髌骨、马蹄足）、因痉挛和挛缩引起的关节变化（如髋关节半脱位、膝关节屈曲挛缩）、脊柱退变（如颈椎管狭窄、腰骶部椎体滑脱）以及表现为疼痛和无力的神经功能障碍。这些病理情况通常是渐进性的，由运动控制受损、肌肉痉挛和肌肉肌腱单位缩短所驱动。通过提供一个全面的框架，本文强调了有助于医疗保健提供者识别和理解这些并发症的关键点，最终改善患者护理和治疗结果。
